Creation of an experimental model of periimplantitis in vivo

About the authors

Irek R. Khafizov

Author for correspondence.
Email: khafizovirek@mail.ru
ORCID iD: 0000-0003-4077-2788
SPIN-code: 9973-5280

MD, Cand. Sci. (Medicine), Associate Professor

Maksim M. Romanov

Email: rov.maks@mail.ru
ORCID iD: 0000-0001-7965-2770
SPIN-code: 1681-2229

к.м.н., доцент

Rais G. Khafizov

Email: implantstom@bk.ru
ORCID iD: 0000-0001-6578-6743
SPIN-code: 4041-9445

MD, Dr. Sci. (Med.), Professor

References

Supplementary files

BACKGROUND. Experimental modeling of peri‑implantitis in animals is necessary for predicting complications after the placement of dental implants and superstructures made of various materials, as well as for improving treatment methods for this complication. In this regard, a promising direction is the development of an alternative, technologically simple, and well‑controlled method suitable for preclinical studies aimed at investigating the pathogenesis of inflammatory complications of dental implantation and improving methods for their prevention and treatment.

AIM. To develop and test an experimental model of peri‑implantitis (inflammation of soft tissues around an integrated implant) in vivo on the mandible of a dog for subsequent study of the quality of restoration of the “implant–gingiva” and “implant–bone” interfaces, as well as methods for the prevention and treatment of this complication of dental implantation.

METHODS. For the first time, a method for inducing peri‑implantitis by placing a non‑sterile rubber ring between the gingival former and soft tissues in a dog has been proposed and tested. The model is based on mechanical irritation of the gingiva without microbial contamination, avoids bone trauma and additional surgical steps. The following surgical interventions were performed stepwise: formation of an edentulous area on the mandible of the dog by atraumatic extraction of the lower premolars, subsequent placement of dental implants, and fixation of gingival formers with placement of a rubber ring. The study was conducted over 6–7 months in a large adult dog with a jaw segment suitable for dental implant placement.

RESULTS. An in vivo model of peri‑implantitis was created in a single dog in the premolar region of the mandible for further study of prediction, prevention, and treatment of this complication of dental implantation. The assigned tasks of each stage of the study were accomplished, including the creation of an edentulous jaw segment, placement of dental implants after 3 months, placement of gingival formers after 3 months of implant integration, and obtaining a peri‑implantitis model after 14 days. In addition, the development of bleeding and purulent exudate around the integrated dental implants was visualized. During the surgery, one of the dog’s teeth was fractured.

CONCLUSION. The study produced an experimental model of peri‑implantitis in the dog mandible, which, in our opinion, is the most suitable for research in the fields of maxillofacial surgery, dental implantology, and periodontology. The use of the proposed method will help predict the desired result, significantly save time, and contribute to progress in the study of post‑implantation diseases, allowing a better understanding of disease pathogenesis and providing opportunities for the development of new treatment strategies for complications of long‑term functioning of dental implants. The study is a single observation with no control group and a qualitative nature of the assessment.