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<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="review-article" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Russian Journal of Dentistry</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Russian Journal of Dentistry</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Российский стоматологический журнал</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">1728-2802</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">2413-2934</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">Eco-Vector</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">322863</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.17816/dent322863</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>Reviews</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Обзоры</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject>Review Article</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">Effect of antitumor therapy on microflora and oral mucosa in patients with malignant neoplasms</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Влияние противоопухолевой терапии на микрофлору и состояние слизистой оболочки полости рта у больных со злокачественными новообразованиями</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9907-1276</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">5056-4361</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Pashchenko</surname><given-names>Natal’ja A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Пащенко</surname><given-names>Наталья Александровна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>natala.pashchenko2019@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6477-086X</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">5355-0714</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Kazakov</surname><given-names>Vladimir F.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Казаков</surname><given-names>Владимир Фёдорович</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Professor</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>профессор</p></bio><email>kazakov@cgma.su</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1825-1871</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">5087-2394</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Zavyalov</surname><given-names>Aleksandr A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Завьялов</surname><given-names>Александр Александрович</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Professor</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>профессор</p></bio><email>azav06@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3461-9317</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">6851-5618</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Olesova</surname><given-names>Valentina N.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Олесова</surname><given-names>Валентина Николаевна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD, Dr. Sci. (Medicine), Professor</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>д-р мед. наук, профессор</p></bio><email>olesova@implantat.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0006-9162-8777</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">3473-9049</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Tyryshkin</surname><given-names>Aleksandr I.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Тырышкин</surname><given-names>Александр Игоревич</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>Voltaman98@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">State Research Center — Burnasyan Federal Medical Biophysical Center of Federal Medical Biological Agency</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Государственный научный центр Российской Федерации — Федеральный медицинский биофизический центр имени А.И. Бурназяна</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="preprint" iso-8601-date="2024-02-21" publication-format="electronic"><day>21</day><month>02</month><year>2024</year></pub-date><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2024-03-26" publication-format="electronic"><day>26</day><month>03</month><year>2024</year></pub-date><volume>27</volume><issue>6</issue><issue-title xml:lang="en"/><issue-title xml:lang="ru"/><fpage>581</fpage><lpage>590</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2023-04-12"><day>12</day><month>04</month><year>2023</year></date><date date-type="accepted" iso-8601-date="2024-02-21"><day>21</day><month>02</month><year>2024</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2023, Eco-Vector</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2023, Эко-Вектор</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2023</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Eco-Vector</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Эко-Вектор</copyright-holder><ali:free_to_read xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" start_date="2027-03-26"/><license><ali:license_ref xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/">https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/</ali:license_ref></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://rjdentistry.com/1728-2802/article/view/322863">https://rjdentistry.com/1728-2802/article/view/322863</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p>The present article investigates the relationship between the microbiota of the oral cavity and oral mucositis induced by systemic antitumor therapy in patients with malignant neoplasms. This article highlights modern ideas about the composition of the normal microbiota of the oral cavity and its changes during chemotherapeutic treatment.</p> <p>It has been shown that the normal oral microbiota includes representatives of such genera as <italic>Actinomyces, Corynebacterium, Fusobacterium, Leptotrichia, Neisseria, Prevotella, Streptococcus</italic>, and <italic>Veillonella</italic>. Moreover, it is emphasized that despite the existence of modern molecular genetic techniques and development of an oral microbiota database, determining the role of individual taxonomic units in oral homeostasis remains challenging.</p> <p>Existing studies of changes in the qualitative and quantitative composition of oral microflora against the background of drug antitumor therapy have demonstrated that treatment is associated with significant changes in the microbiological landscape of the oral cavity. An increase was noted in the number of Gram-negative anaerobic opportunistic flora and a decrease in the representation of protective commensal flora. It has been demonstrated that the components of a bacterial cell can modulate the local reactions of a macroorganism through a system of Toll-like receptors while acting in different directions.</p> <p>Several unresolved fundamental issues related to the role of oral microbiota in the pathogenesis of oral mucositis are highlighted.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p>Представленный обзор посвящён проблеме взаимосвязи микробиоты полости рта и орального мукозита, индуцированного системной противоопухолевой терапией у больных со злокачественными новообразованиями. Освещаются современные представления о составе нормальной микробиоты полости рта, её изменениях при химиотерапевтическом лечении.</p> <p>Показано, что нормальная оральная микробиота включает в себя представителей таких родов, как <italic>Actinomyces</italic>,<italic> Corynebacterium</italic>,<italic> Fusobacterium</italic>,<italic> Leptotrichia</italic>,<italic> Neisseria</italic>,<italic> Prevotella</italic>,<italic> Streptococcus</italic>,<italic> Veillonella</italic> и др. При этом подчёркивается, что, даже несмотря на существование современных молекулярно-генетических методик и формирование базы данных оральной микробиоты, всё ещё сложно определить роль отдельных таксономических единиц в гомеостазе полости рта.</p> <p>Существующие исследования изменений качественного и количественного состава оральной микрофлоры на фоне лекарственной противоопухолевой терапии продемонстрировали, что лечение ассоциировано со значительными изменениями микробиологического ландшафта полости рта. Отмечается увеличение количества грамотрицательной анаэробной условно-патогенной флоры и снижение представительства протективной комменсальной флоры. Продемонстрировано, что компоненты бактериальной клетки могут модулировать местные реакции макроорганизма через систему Toll-like рецепторов, действуя при этом разнонаправленно.</p> <p>Освещён также ряд нерешённых фундаментальных вопросов, связанных с местом оральной микробиоты в патогенезе орального мукозита.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>oral mucositis</kwd><kwd>oral microbiota</kwd><kwd>oral dysbiosis</kwd><kwd>systemic antitumor therapy</kwd><kwd>malignant neoplasms</kwd><kwd>chemotherapy</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>оральный мукозит</kwd><kwd>микробиота полости рта</kwd><kwd>оральный дисбиоз</kwd><kwd>системная противоопухолевая терапия</kwd><kwd>злокачественные новообразования</kwd><kwd>химиотерапия</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group/></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Sung H, Ferlay J, Siegel RL, et al. 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