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<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Russian Journal of Dentistry</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Russian Journal of Dentistry</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Российский стоматологический журнал</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">1728-2802</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">2413-2934</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">Eco-Vector</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">346678</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.17816/dent346678</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>Experimental and Theoretical Investigations</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Экспериментально-теоретические исследования</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">Experimental study of the effects of laser sialolithotripsy</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Экспериментальное исследование эффектов лазерной сиалолитотрипсии</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9200-4257</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">4679-9403</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Zhuchkova</surname><given-names>Darya V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Жучкова</surname><given-names>Дарья Вячеславовна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Assistant</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>ассистент </p></bio><email>DaLitvinova@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5794-9087</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">2050-5215</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Sysolyatin</surname><given-names>Svyatoslav P.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Сысолятин</surname><given-names>Святослав Павлович</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD, Dr. Sci. (Med.), Professor</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>доктор мед. наук, профессор</p></bio><email>sp-sysolyatin@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff3"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Peoples’ Friendship University of Russia</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Российский университет дружбы народов имени Патриса Лумумбы</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff2"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">“Endostom” clinic</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Клиника «Эндостом»</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff3"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Medical and Biological University of Innovation and Continuing Education of the Burnazyan Federal Medical Biophysical Center</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Медико-биологический университет инноваций и непрерывного образования Федерального медицинского биофизического центра имени А.И. Бурназяна</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="preprint" iso-8601-date="2023-11-05" publication-format="electronic"><day>05</day><month>11</month><year>2023</year></pub-date><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2023-12-04" publication-format="electronic"><day>04</day><month>12</month><year>2023</year></pub-date><volume>27</volume><issue>5</issue><issue-title xml:lang="en"/><issue-title xml:lang="ru"/><fpage>395</fpage><lpage>401</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2023-04-24"><day>24</day><month>04</month><year>2023</year></date><date date-type="accepted" iso-8601-date="2023-11-02"><day>02</day><month>11</month><year>2023</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2024, Eco-Vector</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2024, Эко-Вектор</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2024</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Eco-Vector</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Эко-Вектор</copyright-holder><ali:free_to_read xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" start_date="2026-12-04"/><license><ali:license_ref xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/">https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0</ali:license_ref></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://rjdentistry.com/1728-2802/article/view/346678">https://rjdentistry.com/1728-2802/article/view/346678</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p><bold>BACKGROUND</bold>: The effectiveness of removing concretions using sialoendoscopy depends on the size and location of the concretion in the salivary gland. According to the research results, holmium YAG lasers are the predominant intracorporeal lithotriptors in crushing urolites and sialoliths. However, to date, in comparative studies of lasers of different types in urology, the Thule laser FiberLase U2 demonstrates high efficiency. Research by urologist surgeons served as the basis for the experiment on the possibility of crushing sialoliths and analyzing the physical effects.</p> <p><bold>AIM:</bold> To evaluate the safety and time of crushing of sialolith using a thulium laser FiberLase U2 in vitro.</p> <p><bold>MATERIALS AND METHODS:</bold> Twelve round-shaped sialolith with a diameter of 5–6 mm were selected for the study. A model simulating the gland duct was developed. The fiber of the FiberLase U2 laser was fed through the proximal end of the model, and a series of lithotripsies were performed sequentially in three modes of the device at maximum and minimum values of energy and pulse frequency, fixing the temperature rise during irrigation and the resulting effects during crushing.</p> <p><bold>RESULTS:</bold> Crushing sialoliths to fragments measuring &lt;1 mm is possible in all three laser modes. Operation at maximum values of pulse energy and frequency proceeded faster, whereas the maximum temperature rise varied from 45°C to 48°C, depending on the mode. Crushing was accompanied by pronounced cavitation and frequent sparks when the laser pulse was applied. Fragmentation at the minimum parameters of the pulse energy and frequency proceeded much slower; however, the maximum temperature rise ranged from 33°C to 40°C, and the listed effects were observed to a lesser extent in all three modes.</p> <p><bold>CONCLUSION:</bold> The use of a Thule laser for crushing concretions in all three modes at maximum pulse energy and frequency is inefficient and unsafe. Work at minimum values of the dusting and popcorning modes has shown the best results; however, further study of crushing with this laser is necessary.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p><bold>Обоснование</bold><bold>.</bold> Эффективность удаления конкрементов с помощью сиалоэндоскопии зависит от размера и расположения конкремента в слюнной железе. Согласно результатам исследований, преимущественным интракорпоральным литотриптером в дроблении уролитов и сиалолитов выступает гольмиевый YAG-лазер. Однако на сегодняшний день в сравнительных исследованиях лазеров разного типа в урологии высокую эффективность демонстрирует тулиевый лазер FiberLase U2. Исследования хирургов-урологов послужили основанием для проведения эксперимента с дроблением сиалолитов, а также анализа физических эффектов, возникающих в процессе.</p> <p><bold>Цель исследования — </bold>оценить безопасность и время дробления сиалолитов тулиевым лазером FiberLase U2 in vitro.</p> <p><bold>Материалы и методы.</bold> Для проведения исследования были отобраны 12 сиалолитов округлой формы диаметром 5–6 мм. Нами была разработана модель, имитирующая проток железы. Через проксимальный конец модели подводили волокно лазера FiberLase U2 и последовательно проводили серию литотрипсий в трёх режимах аппарата при максимальном и минимальном значениях энергии и частоты импульса, фиксируя подъём температуры при ирригации и возникающие эффекты при дроблении.</p> <p><bold>Результаты.</bold> Дробление сиалолитов до фрагментов размером ≤1 мм возможно во всех трёх режимах лазера. Работа при максимальных значениях энергии и частоты импульса протекала быстрее, при этом максимальный подъём температуры варьировал от 45 °С до 48 °С в зависимости от режима. Дробление сопровождалось выраженной кавитацией, частыми искрами при подаче лазерного импульса. Фрагментация при минимальных параметрах энергии и частоты импульса протекала значительно медленнее, однако максимальный подъём температуры оставался в диапазоне от 33 °С до 40 °С, перечисленные эффекты наблюдались в меньшей степени во всех трёх режимах.</p> <p><bold>Заключение.</bold> Применение тулиевого лазера для дробления конкрементов во всех трёх режимах при максимальных значениях энергии и частоты импульса неэффективно и небезопасно, работа при минимальных значениях режимов Dusting и Popcorning показала наилучшие результаты, однако необходимо дальнейшее изучение дробления данным лазером.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>sialolith</kwd><kwd>lithotripsy</kwd><kwd>salivary gland stones</kwd><kwd>fragmentation of sialolith</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>сиалолит</kwd><kwd>литотрипсия</kwd><kwd>слюннокаменная болезнь</kwd><kwd>фрагментация сиалолита</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group/></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Sysolyatin SP, Bannikova KA, Sysolyatin PG, Gaytova VG, Baydik OD. 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