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<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Russian Journal of Dentistry</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Russian Journal of Dentistry</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Российский стоматологический журнал</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">1728-2802</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">2413-2934</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">Eco-Vector</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">678800</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.17816/dent678800</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="edn">CXBVCW</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>Original Study Articles</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Оригинальные исследования</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">Intramembranous ossification in alveolar ridge defect repair using noninductive biomaterials: experimental study</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Замещение дефектов альвеолярного челюстного гребня неиндуцирующими биоматериалами в контексте паттерна прямого костного образования: результаты эксперимента</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6974-6407</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">5552-7988</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Perova</surname><given-names>Marina D.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Перова</surname><given-names>Марина Дмитриевна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD, Dr. Sci. (Medicine), Associate Professor; Scientific &amp; Clinical Base of Kuban State Medical University</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>д-р мед. наук, доцент; научно-клиническая база Кубанского государственного медицинского университета</p></bio><email>mperova2013@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5166-2894</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">7324-7491</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Ananich</surname><given-names>Artem Yu.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Ананич</surname><given-names>Артем Юрьевич</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>ananicha.ksma@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4159-2618</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">8264-4990</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Verevkin</surname><given-names>Aleksandr A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Веревкин</surname><given-names>Александр Александрович</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD, Cand. Sci. (Medicine)</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>канд. мед. наук</p></bio><email>vilehand@bk.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8472-7279</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">9174-3102</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Sevostyanov</surname><given-names>Igor A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Севостьянов</surname><given-names>Игорь Александрович</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD, Cand. Sci. (Medicine); Scientific &amp; Clinical Base of Kuban State Medical University</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>канд. мед. наук; научно-клиническая база Кубанского государственного медицинского университета</p></bio><email>drsevostyanovia@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2451-6813</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">2461-8365</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Melkonian</surname><given-names>Karina I.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Мелконян</surname><given-names>Карина Игоревна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>kimelkonian@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0360-8882</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">9091-1041</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Samoxvalova</surname><given-names>Inna D.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Самохвалова</surname><given-names>Инна Дмитриевна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Scientific &amp; Clinical Base of Kuban State Medical University</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>научно-клиническая база Кубанского государственного медицинского университета</p></bio><email>samoxvalovai@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0007-3888-8024</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Alayoub</surname><given-names>Iyad</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Альаюб</surname><given-names>Ияд</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>iyadalayoub@yahoo.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Kuban State Medical University</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Кубанский государственный медицинский университет</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff2"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">LLC “Stomatological Сenter ‘Intelligent’”</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">ООО «Стоматологический центр “Интеллиджент”»</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="preprint" iso-8601-date="2025-06-25" publication-format="electronic"><day>25</day><month>06</month><year>2025</year></pub-date><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2025-08-29" publication-format="electronic"><day>29</day><month>08</month><year>2025</year></pub-date><volume>29</volume><issue>4</issue><issue-title xml:lang="en"/><issue-title xml:lang="ru"/><fpage>357</fpage><lpage>367</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2025-04-22"><day>22</day><month>04</month><year>2025</year></date><date date-type="accepted" iso-8601-date="2025-05-20"><day>20</day><month>05</month><year>2025</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2025, Eco-Vector</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2025, Эко-Вектор</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2025</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Eco-Vector</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Эко-Вектор</copyright-holder><ali:free_to_read xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" start_date="2028-08-29"/><license><ali:license_ref xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/">https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/</ali:license_ref></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://rjdentistry.com/1728-2802/article/view/678800">https://rjdentistry.com/1728-2802/article/view/678800</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p><bold>BACKGROUND:</bold> Limited understanding of direct bone formation during repair of alveolar ridge defects—compared with extensively studied endochondral ossification—leads to varied interpretations of treatment outcomes and efficacy assessments in dentistry and maxillofacial surgery.</p> <p><bold>AIM:</bold> This study aimed to investigate early repair of critical-sized alveolar bone defects via intramembranous ossification using noninductive biomaterials.</p> <p><bold>METHODS:</bold> This segment of the study was conducted at the Central Research Laboratory of Kuban State Medical University utilizing three sexually mature healthy minipigs. Animal care adhered to bioethical standards. Critical-sized bone defects were filled with acellular dermal matrix and naturally derived osteoconductive granules. Animals were euthanized on day 120. Morphologic assessment of decalcified specimens was performed with hematoxylin and eosin, van Gieson’s picrofuchsin, and Masson’s trichrome (BioVitrum, Russia). Randomization was not applied.</p> <p><bold>RESULTS:</bold> Defect repair was mediated by <italic>de novo</italic> vascularization via initiation of local hematopoiesis. Sinusoidal capillaries formed in the venous network of the regional vascular bed, with emerging hematopoietic cells migrating through discontinuous endothelium. Immature precursor cells proliferated and differentiated predominantly into segmental granulocytes, which participated in dynamic intercellular and cell–matrix interactions, forming transient intermediate cell types. These processes led to the development of a reticular connective tissue—niche resembling bone marrow structures—with new osteoid and reticulofibrotic trabeculae. Noninductive matrix and granular biomaterials demonstrated an effect on vasculogenesis.</p> <p><bold>CONCLUSION:</bold> These results reveal a direct relationship between the induction of hematopoiesis in sinusoidal capillaries within alveolar defects and intramedullary osteogenesis. Granulocytes play a pivotal role in normal healing and reparative dysregulation in the presence of nonresorbed osteoconductive granules.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p><bold>Обоснование.</bold> Недостаток знаний о природе прямого костного образования в ходе замещения дефектов альвеолярного челюстного гребня, в отличие от более изученного паттерна энхондрального окостенения, объясняет разные трактовки исходов лечения и оценки эффективности реконструктивных методик в стоматологии и челюстно-лицевой хирургии.</p> <p><bold>Цель.</bold> Изучение раннего замещения объёмных дефектов альвеолярной челюстной кости в контексте паттерна прямого костного образования с использованием неиндуцирующих биоматериалов.</p> <p><bold>Методы.</bold> Публикуемый фрагмент работы выполнен в научно-производственном отделе Центральной научно-исследовательской лаборатории Кубанского государственного медицинского университета на трёх половозрелых здоровых минипигах. Были соблюдены принципы биоэтики и требования работы с животными. В моделированные объёмные костные дефекты вводили пластические биоматериалы — ацеллюлярный дермальный матрикс и остеокондуктивные гранулы природного происхождения. На 120-е сутки животных выводили из эксперимента. Морфологическую оценку декальцинированного материала аутопсий проводили путём окраски гематоксилином и эозином, пикрофуксином по Ван-Гизону, трихромом по Массону («БиоВитрум», Россия). Рандомизацию не использовали.</p> <p><bold>Результаты.</bold> Замещение объёмных дефектов альвеолярного челюстного гребня происходит за счёт васкуляризации <italic>de</italic><italic> </italic><italic>novo</italic> путём запуска процесса местного кроветворения. В венозном звене регионального сосудистого русла формируются синусоидальные капилляры с созревающими внутри гемопоэтическими клетками, часть из которых мигрирует в ткань через прерывистые стенки. Незрелые клетки-предшественники активно пролиферируют и дифференцируются, преимущественно в сегментоядерные гранулоциты, которые участвуют в динамичных процессах межклеточных и клеточно-матриксных взаимодействий с образованием переходных промежуточных клеточных форм. В результате формируется ретикулярная соединительная ткань — ниша костномозговых структур, продуцируется остеоид с появлением ретикулофиброзных костных балок. Выявлено воздействие на васкулогенез неиндуцирующих матриксных и гранулированных биоматериалов.</p> <p><bold>Заключение.</bold> Результаты экспериментального исследования раскрывают существование прямой связи между инициацией кроветворения в синусоидальных капиллярах зоны альвеолярных дефектов и событиями интрамедуллярного остеогенеза. Выявлена активная универсальная роль гранулоцитов при нормальном заживлении и при асинергии репаративного процесса в присутствии нерезорбированных остаточных гранул остеокондуктора.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>minipigs</kwd><kwd>alveolar bone defects</kwd><kwd>acellular dermal matrix</kwd><kwd>osteoconductive granules</kwd><kwd>direct bone formation</kwd><kwd>morphology</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>минипиги</kwd><kwd>дефекты альвеолярной кости</kwd><kwd>ацеллюлярный дермальный матрикс</kwd><kwd>остеокондуктивные гранулы</kwd><kwd>прямое костное образование</kwd><kwd>морфология</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group/></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><mixed-citation>Ananich AYu, Perova MD, Sevostyanov IA, Gilevich IV. Current possibilities and prospects of alveolar bone defect replacement and covering tissues: narrative literature review. 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