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<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Russian Journal of Dentistry</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Russian Journal of Dentistry</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Российский стоматологический журнал</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">1728-2802</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">2413-2934</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">Eco-Vector</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">698221</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.17816/dent698221</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="edn">TVNEZO</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>Original Study Articles</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Оригинальные исследования</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">Experimental basis for the efficacy of mitochondria-targeted agents for periodontal diseases: a laboratory study</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Экспериментальное обоснование эффективности митохондриально-направленных препаратов при заболеваниях пародонта: лабораторное исследование</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0000-0603-9406</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Akopov</surname><given-names>David Yu.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Акопов</surname><given-names>Давид Юрьевич</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><email>akopov.85@bk.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7108-1774</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">7016-7538</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Udalov</surname><given-names>Yuri D.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Удалов</surname><given-names>Юрий Дмитриевич</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD, Dr. Sci. (Medicine), Associate Professor</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>д-р мед. наук, доцент</p></bio><email>yudalov@fmbcfmba.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3461-9317</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">6851-5618</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Olesova</surname><given-names>Valentina N.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Олесова</surname><given-names>Валентина Николаевна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD, Dr. Sci. (Medicine), Professor</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>д-р мед. наук, профессор</p></bio><email>olesova@implantat.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9825-4935</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">5304-9137</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Glazkova</surname><given-names>Elena V.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Глазкова</surname><given-names>Елена Валерьевна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD, Cand. Sci. (Medicine)</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>канд. мед. наук</p></bio><email>pozharskaya_lena@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0194-1510</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">8446-2655</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Makhneva</surname><given-names>Inna S.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Махнёва</surname><given-names>Инна Сергеевна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD, Cand. Sci. (Medicine)</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>канд. мед. наук</p></bio><email>dr.inna17@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1396-0743</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">3485-8990</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Abdullaev</surname><given-names>Serazhutdin A.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Абдуллаев</surname><given-names>Серажутдин Абдуллаевич</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Dr. Sci. (Biology)</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>д-р биол. наук</p></bio><email>saabdullaev@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">State Scientific Center of the Russian Federation — Federal Medical Biophysical Center named after A.I. Burnazyan</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Государственный научный центр Российской Федерации — Федеральный медицинский биофизический центр имени А.И. Бурназяна</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="preprint" iso-8601-date="2026-02-17" publication-format="electronic"><day>17</day><month>02</month><year>2026</year></pub-date><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2026-03-13" publication-format="electronic"><day>13</day><month>03</month><year>2026</year></pub-date><volume>30</volume><issue>1</issue><issue-title xml:lang="en"/><issue-title xml:lang="ru"/><fpage>5</fpage><lpage>11</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2025-12-11"><day>11</day><month>12</month><year>2025</year></date><date date-type="accepted" iso-8601-date="2025-12-28"><day>28</day><month>12</month><year>2025</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2026, Eco-Vector</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2026, Эко-Вектор</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2026</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Eco-Vector</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Эко-Вектор</copyright-holder><ali:free_to_read xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" start_date="2029-03-13"/><license><ali:license_ref xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/">https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/</ali:license_ref></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://rjdentistry.com/1728-2802/article/view/698221">https://rjdentistry.com/1728-2802/article/view/698221</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p><bold>BACKGROUND</bold><bold>:</bold> Recent evidence indicates a role of mitochondrial dysfunction in the etiopathogenesis of periodontitis. As active participants in cellular metabolic and energy processes, mitochondria constitute key components of oxidative stress pathways.</p> <p><bold>AIM</bold><bold>:</bold> The study aimed to evaluate the potential use of mitochondria-targeted agents as part of comprehensive therapy for inflammatory periodontal diseases.</p> <p><bold>METHODS</bold><bold>:</bold> An experimental study of the effect of the mitochondria-targeted agent 5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide riboside on periodontitis was conducted. Male Wistar rats (<italic>Rattus Wistar</italic>) aged 4 months with a body weight of 221.0 ± 7.5 g were used in the study. Five experimental groups were formed: a control group (healthy animals); animals with experimentally induced periodontitis; main group I, in which periodontitis was treated with topical application of a gel containing metronidazole and chlorhexidine for 7 days; main group II, in which periodontitis was treated with topical application of the metronidazole-chlorhexidine gel combined with simultaneous oral administration of 5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide riboside also for 7 days; main group III, in which periodontitis was treated with topical application of the metronidazole- chlorhexidine gel followed by topical administration of 5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide riboside, also for 7 days. Mitochondrial alterations in periodontal tissues were investigated using molecular genetic analysis of characteristics of nuclear and mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA), as well as biochemical assessment of oxidative stress markers, including malondialdehyde (MDA) and reduced glutathione.</p> <p><bold>RESULTS</bold><bold>:</bold> Mitochondrial alterations characteristic of experimental periodontitis were largely reversed following treatment with a metronidazole–chlorhexidine gel, with up to 80% normalization based on mtDNA amplification metrics and mutation frequency (up to 7%). The addition of a mitochondria-targeted agent resulted in a more pronounced improvement, reaching 97% normalization in mtDNA quantity and reducing mutation frequency to 2%. Oxidative stress associated with periodontitis decreased after treatment with the metronidazole–chlorhexidine gel, as reflected by an 18% reduction in MDA concentration and a 32% increase in glutathione concentration. With combined therapy including the mitochondria-targeted agent administered after gel treatment (main group III), а 57% reduction in MDA concentration and a 49% increase in glutathione concentration were recorded.</p> <p><bold>CONCLUSION</bold><bold>:</bold> This study demonstrates improvement in mitochondrial parameters in periodontal tissues following completion of therapy for experimental periodontitis using a metronidazole-chlorhexidine gel and its combination with a mitochondria-targeted agent. Incorporation of 5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide riboside into the treatment regimen produced a more pronounced therapeutic effect, as evidenced by the parameters of mtDNA amplification quantity and mutant copies frequency and by markers of oxidative stress.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p><bold>Обоснование.</bold> В последнее время появились данные о роли митохондриальной дисфункции в этиопатогенезе пародонтита. Митохондрии как активные участники метаболических и энергетических процессов в клетке являются звеньями окислительного стресса.</p> <p><bold>Цель.</bold> Изучить возможность применения митохондриально-направленных препаратов в комплексном лечении воспалительных заболеваний пародонта.</p> <p><bold>Методы.</bold> Проведено экспериментальное исследование действия митохондриально-направленного препарата 5-аминоимидазол-4-карбоксамид-рибозы при пародонтите. В работе использованы самцы лабораторных крыс линии Wistar массой тела 221,0 ± 7,5 г в возрасте 4 мес. Сформированы 5 групп: контрольная — здоровые животные; с экспериментальным пародонтитом; основная группа I — лечение пародонтита с применением местно геля, состоящего из метронидазола и хлоргексидина, в течение 7 дней; основная группа II — лечение пародонтита с применением местно геля, состоящего из метронидазола и хлоргексидина, и одновременным введением 5-аминоимидазол-4-карбоксамид-рибозы перорально, также в течение 7 дней; основная группа III — лечение пародонтита с применением местно геля, состоящего из метронидазола и хлоргексидина, с дальнейшим введением местно 5-аминоимидазол-4-карбоксамид-рибозы, также в течение 7 дней. Методами исследования митохондриальных нарушений в тканях пародонта служили молекулярно-генетический анализ характеристик ядерной и митохондриальной ДНК (мтДНК); биохимический анализ показателей окислительного стресса — малонового диальдегида (МДА), восстановленного глутатиона.</p> <p><bold>Результаты.</bold> Характерное для экспериментального пародонтита нарушение митохондриального клеточного комплекса пародонта нивелировалось после курса лечения гелем, состоящим из метронидазола и хлоргексидина, до 80% по уровню амплификаций мтДНК и числу мутаций (до 7%). Добавление митохондриально-направленного препарата в большей степени улучшало указанные показатели: до 97% по количеству амплификаций мтДНК и до 2% по числу мутаций. Окислительный стресс, проявляющийся при пародонтите, уменьшался после курса лечения гелем, состоящим из метронидазола и хлоргексидина, по показателям «концентрация МДА» (снижение на 18%) и «концентрация глутатиона» (увеличение на 32%); при комбинированном лечении с включением митохондриально-направленного препарата после геля (основная группа III) отмечено снижение концентрации МДА на 57% и повышение концентрации глутатиона на 49%.</p> <p><bold>Заключение.</bold> В проведённом исследовании показана степень улучшения параметров митохондрий в пародонте после завершения курса лечения экспериментального пародонтита с использованием геля, состоящего из метронидазола и хлоргексидина, а также его комбинации с митохондриально-направленным препаратом. По показателям количества амплификаций мтДНК и её мутантных копий, а также окислительного стресса установлена более выраженная эффективность терапии при включении 5-аминоимидазол-4-карбоксамид-рибозы в схему лечения пародонтита.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>experimental periodontitis</kwd><kwd>mitochondria</kwd><kwd>oxidative stress</kwd><kwd>treatment</kwd><kwd>metronidazole and chlorhexidine</kwd><kwd>5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide riboside</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>экспериментальный пародонтит</kwd><kwd>митохондрии</kwd><kwd>окислительный стресс</kwd><kwd>лечение</kwd><kwd>метронидазол + хлоргексидин</kwd><kwd>5-аминоимидазол-4-карбоксамид-рибоза</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group/></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><mixed-citation>Nuruev NN, Podporin MS, Tsareva TV, Ushakov RV. 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