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<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Russian Journal of Dentistry</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Russian Journal of Dentistry</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Российский стоматологический журнал</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">1728-2802</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">2413-2934</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">Eco-Vector</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">702406</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.17816/dent702406</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="edn">TGNNJI</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>Original Study Articles</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Оригинальные исследования</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">Determination of marginal permeability of restorations in the cervical region using a universal adhesive system: a randomized controlled open-label laboratory study</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Определение краевой проницаемости реставраций пришеечной области при использовании универсальной адгезивной системы: рандомизированное контролируемое открытое лабораторное исследование</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9533-9204</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">6771-8507</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Razumova</surname><given-names>Svetlana N.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Разумова</surname><given-names>Светлана Николаевна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD, Dr. Sci. (Medicine), Professor</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>д-р мед. наук, профессор</p></bio><email>razumova-sn@rudn.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8947-4357</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">2437-8867</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Brago</surname><given-names>Anzhela S.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Браго</surname><given-names>Анжела Станиславовна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD, Cand. Sci. (Medicine), Associate Professor</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>канд. мед. наук, доцент</p></bio><email>anzhela_bogdan@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9068-4722</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">7871-6802</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Ruda</surname><given-names>Oxana R.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Руда</surname><given-names>Оксана Романовна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD</p></bio><email>oxaruda@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0003-4955-360X</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">2840-9820</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Talandis</surname><given-names>Artur G.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Таландис</surname><given-names>Артур Германович</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD</p></bio><email>talandis_ag@pfur.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8167-7720</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">4209-0600</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Khaskhanova</surname><given-names>Lamara M.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Хасханова</surname><given-names>Ламара Магомедовна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD, Cand. Sci. (Medicine)</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>канд. мед. наук</p></bio><email>Minutka7@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4164-9044</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">8727-2980</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Bragunova</surname><given-names>Ruzanna M.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Брагунова</surname><given-names>Рузанна Муратовна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD, Cand. Sci. (Medicine)</p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>канд. мед. наук</p></bio><email>bragunova-rm@rudn.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0006-8718-0084</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">1839-5631</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Pecherskyi</surname><given-names>Bohdan O.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Печерский</surname><given-names>Богдан Олегович</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>MD</p></bio><email>pecherskiy-bo@rudn.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Peoples’ Friendship University of Russia</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Российский университет дружбы народов имени Патриса Лумумбы</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="preprint" iso-8601-date="2026-04-09" publication-format="electronic"><day>09</day><month>04</month><year>2026</year></pub-date><pub-date date-type="pub" iso-8601-date="2026-06-11" publication-format="electronic"><day>11</day><month>06</month><year>2026</year></pub-date><volume>30</volume><issue>2</issue><issue-title xml:lang="en"/><issue-title xml:lang="ru"/><fpage>113</fpage><lpage>120</lpage><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2026-02-10"><day>10</day><month>02</month><year>2026</year></date><date date-type="accepted" iso-8601-date="2026-03-26"><day>26</day><month>03</month><year>2026</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; 2026, Eco-Vector</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; 2026, Эко-Вектор</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2026</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Eco-Vector</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Эко-Вектор</copyright-holder><ali:free_to_read xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" start_date="2029-06-11"/><license><ali:license_ref xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/">https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/</ali:license_ref></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://rjdentistry.com/1728-2802/article/view/702406">https://rjdentistry.com/1728-2802/article/view/702406</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p><bold>BACKGROUND:</bold><bold><italic> </italic></bold>The occurrence of microleakage in the gingival margins of restorations using composite materials is a frequently observed phenomenon, raising the question about the ability of adhesive systems to hybridize dentin in this area. In the gingival margin of the restoration, microleakage is higher compared to the occlusal margin, as the thickness of the enamel decreases significantly in relation to the cementoenamel junction. Furthermore, the enamel on the gingival wall of a Class V cavity is thinner than in the occlusal zone.</p> <p><bold>AIM:</bold><italic> </italic>To evaluate marginal permeability at the tooth–restoration interface in the cervical region using a universal adhesive system compared with a 5th-generation adhesive system after thermocycling <italic>in vitro</italic>.</p> <p><bold>METHODS:</bold><italic> </italic>Marginal permeability at the tooth–restoration interface in the cervical region was determined: the experimental group (group 1) used the universal adhesive system Tokuyama Universal Bond II (Tokuyama Dental, Japan); the control group (group 2) used the 5th-generation adhesive system OptiBond Solo Plus (Kerr, USA) on extracted tooth samples.</p> <p>The laboratory study included sample preparation; thermocycling, staining, and sectioning of samples; photomicrography; and assessment of the degree of microleakage of restorations by independent experts. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS Statistics. Teeth extracted for periodontal indications without carious lesions or large fillings were used to prepare the samples. The tests were conducted in accordance with GOST R 56924-2016 (Russian State Standard “Dentistry. Polymeric restorative materials”).</p> <p><bold>RESULTS:</bold><italic> </italic>In group 1 (universal adhesive), there was no microleakage on the occlusal wall of the cavity in the enamel area. The experts’ score assessment did not reveal any statistically significant differences (<italic>p</italic> &gt; 0.017). When assessing microleakage on the gingival wall in samples from group 1, statistically significant differences were found between the assessments of experts 1, 2, and 3 (<italic>p</italic><italic> </italic>&lt; 0.017).</p> <p>In group 2 (5th-generation adhesive), when scoring microleakage on the occlusal wall, statistically significant differences were observed between experts 2 and 3 (<italic>p</italic> &lt; 0.017). When assessing microleakage on the gingival wall, the differences between the assessments of experts 1 and 3 were also statistically significant (<italic>p</italic> &lt; 0.017).</p> <p><bold>CONCLUSION:</bold><italic> </italic>In both groups, no permeability (0 [0; 1] at <italic>p</italic> &lt; 0.017) was found through the enamel wall. In the dentin/cement area during cervical restorations, a statistically significant difference in microleakage was observed between the universal adhesive group (2 [0; 3]) and the 5th-generation adhesive group (2 [1; 3] at <italic>p</italic> &lt; 0.017).</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p><bold>Обоснование.</bold> Микроподтекание в десневых краях реставраций с применением композитных материалов — часто наблюдаемое явление, поэтому возникает вопрос о способности адгезивных систем гибридизировать дентин в этой области. В области десневого края реставрации микроподтекание выше по сравнению с окклюзионным краем, так как толщина эмали значительно уменьшается по отношению к эмалево-цементному соединению. Кроме того, эмаль на десневой стенке полости V класса по Блэку тоньше, чем в окклюзионной зоне.</p> <p><bold>Цель исследования.</bold> Оценить краевую проницаемость на границе «пломба–зуб» в пришеечной области с использованием универсальной адгезивной системы в сравнении с адгезивной системой 5-го поколения после термоциклирования в лабораторных условиях.</p> <p><bold>Методы.</bold> Определяли краевую проницаемость на границе «пломба–зуб» в пришеечной области: в экспериментальной группе 1 использовали универсальную адгезивную систему Tokuyama Universal Bond II (Tokuyama Dental, Япония); в контрольной группе 2 — адгезивную систему 5-го поколения OptiBond Solo Plus (Kerr, США) на образцах экстрагированных зубов.</p> <p>Лабораторное исследование включало подготовку образцов; их термоциклирование, окрашивание, распиливание; фото с увеличением; оценку степени микроподтекания реставраций независимыми экспертами. Статистическую обработку данных выполняли в программе SPSS Statistics. Для приготовления образцов использовали удалённые по пародонтологическим показаниям зубы без кариозных повреждений и больших пломб. Испытания проводили в соответствии с ГОСТ Р 56924-2016 «СТОМАТОЛОГИЯ. Материалы полимерные восстановительные».</p> <p><bold>Результаты.</bold><bold> </bold>В группе 1 (универсальный адгезив) на окклюзионной стенке полости в области эмали отсутствует микроподтекание. Балльная оценка экспертов статистически значимых различий не выявила (<italic>р</italic> &gt;0,017). При оценке микроподтекания на десневой стенке в образцах группы 1 выявлены статистически значимые различия между оценками экспертов 1, 2 и 3 (<italic>р</italic> &lt; 0,017).</p> <p>В группе 2 (адгезив 5-го поколения) при балльной оценке микроподтекания на окклюзионной стенке отмечены статистически значимые различия между экспертами 2 и 3 (<italic>р</italic> &lt; 0,017). При оценке микроподтекания на десневой стенке различия между оценками экспертов 1 и 3 также статистически значимы (<italic>р</italic> &lt; 0,017).</p> <p><bold>Заключение.</bold> В обеих группах установлено отсутствие проницаемости (0 [0; 1] при<italic> р</italic> &lt; 0,017) по эмалевой стенке. В области «дентин/цемент» при реставрации пришеечной локализации отмечается статистически значимое различие в микроподтекании между группой, в которой использовали универсальный адгезив (2 [0; 3]), и группой, в которой использовали адгезивную систему 5-го поколения (2 [1; 3]) — при <italic>р</italic> &lt; 0,017.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>adhesion</kwd><kwd>adhesive system</kwd><kwd>cervical caries</kwd><kwd>adhesive strength</kwd><kwd>restoration</kwd><kwd>caries</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>адгезия</kwd><kwd>адгезивная система</kwd><kwd>пришеечный кариес</kwd><kwd>адгезионная прочность</kwd><kwd>реставрация</kwd><kwd>кариес</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group/></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><mixed-citation>Pimentel de Oliveira R, de Paula BL, Ribeiro ME, et al. 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