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<article xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" article-type="other" dtd-version="1.2" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">Russian Journal of Dentistry</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">Russian Journal of Dentistry</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Российский стоматологический журнал</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn publication-format="print">1728-2802</issn><issn publication-format="electronic">2413-2934</issn><publisher><publisher-name xml:lang="en">Eco-Vector</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="publisher-id">702406</article-id><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.17816/dent702406</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>Original Study Articles</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="toc-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Оригинальные исследования</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="article-type"><subject>Unknown</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title xml:lang="en">Determination of the edge permeability of restorations in the cervical region using a universal adhesive system in vitro: an experimental multicenter prospective controlled study</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>Определение краевой проницаемости реставраций пришеечной области при использовании универсальной адгезивной системы in vitro: экспериментальное многоцентровое проспективное контролируемое исследование</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9068-4722</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">7871-6802</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Ruda</surname><given-names>Oxana R.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Руда</surname><given-names>Оксана Романовна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Assistant of the Department of Propaedeutics of Dental Diseases of the Medical Institute </p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>ассистент кафедры пропедевтики стоматологических заболеваний Медицинского Института </p></bio><email>oxaruda@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9533-9204</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="scopus">15053901200</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="researcherid">ABB-3540-2020</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">6771-8507</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Razumova</surname><given-names>Svetlana N.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Разумова</surname><given-names>Светлана Николаевна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>PhD, Professor, Head of the Department of Propaedeutics of Dental Diseases of the Medical Institute </p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>д.м.н., проф., заведующий кафедрой пропедевтики стоматологических заболеваний Медицинского Института</p></bio><email>razumova-sn@rudn.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8947-4357</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="scopus">ID57202452256,</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="researcherid">ABB-2631-2020</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">2437-8867</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Brago</surname><given-names>Anzhela S.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Браго</surname><given-names>Анжела Станиславовна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Cand. Sci. (Medicine), Associate Professor of the Department of Propaedeutics of Dental Diseases of the Medical Institute </p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>канд. мед. наук, доцент кафедры пропедевтики стоматологических заболеваний Медицинского Института</p></bio><email>anzhela_bogdan@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0003-4955-360X</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">2840-9820</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Talandis</surname><given-names>Artur G.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Таландис</surname><given-names>Артур Германович</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Assistant of the Department of Propaedeutics of Dental Diseases of the Medical Institute </p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>ассистент кафедры пропедевтики стоматологических заболеваний Медицинского Института </p></bio><email>talandis-ag@rudn.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8167-7720</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">4209-0600</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Khaskhanova</surname><given-names>Lamara M.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Хасханова</surname><given-names>Ламара Магомедовна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Cand. Sci. (Medicine), Senior lecturer of the Department of Propaedeutics of Dental Diseases of the Medical Institute </p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>к.м.н., Старший преподаватель кафедры пропедевтики стоматологических заболеваний Медицинского Института</p></bio><email>Minutka7@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4164-9044</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">8727-2980</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Bragunova</surname><given-names>Ruzanna М.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Брагунова</surname><given-names>Рузанна Муратовна</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Cand. Sci. (Medicine), Assistant of the Department of Propaedeutics of Dental Diseases of the Medical Institute </p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>к.м.н., ассистент кафедры пропедевтики стоматологических заболеваний Медицинского Института </p></bio><email>bragunova-rm@rudn.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0006-8718-0084</contrib-id><contrib-id contrib-id-type="spin">1839-5631</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name xml:lang="en"><surname>Pecherskyi</surname><given-names>Bohdan О.</given-names></name><name xml:lang="ru"><surname>Печерский</surname><given-names>Богдан Oлегович</given-names></name></name-alternatives><address><country country="RU">Russian Federation</country></address><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Assistant of the Department of Propaedeutics of Dental Diseases of the Medical Institute </p></bio><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>ассистент кафедры пропедевтики стоматологических заболеваний Медицинского Института </p></bio><email>pecherskiy-bo@rudn.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff1"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Peoples' Friendship University of Russia named after Patrice Lumumba</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Федеральное государственное автономное образовательное учреждение высшего образования "Российский университет дружбы народов имени Патриса Лумумбы"</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff2"><aff><institution xml:lang="en">Peoples' Friendship University of Russia named after Patrice Lumumba</institution></aff><aff><institution xml:lang="ru">Российский университет дружбы народов имени Патриса Лумумбы</institution></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date date-type="preprint" iso-8601-date="2026-04-09" publication-format="electronic"><day>09</day><month>04</month><year>2026</year></pub-date><volume>30</volume><issue>2</issue><issue-title xml:lang="ru"/><history><date date-type="received" iso-8601-date="2026-02-10"><day>10</day><month>02</month><year>2026</year></date><date date-type="accepted" iso-8601-date="2026-03-26"><day>26</day><month>03</month><year>2026</year></date></history><permissions><copyright-statement xml:lang="en">Copyright ©; , Eco-Vector</copyright-statement><copyright-statement xml:lang="ru">Copyright ©; , Эко-Вектор</copyright-statement><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Eco-Vector</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Эко-Вектор</copyright-holder><ali:free_to_read xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/" start_date="2029-04-09"/><license><ali:license_ref xmlns:ali="http://www.niso.org/schemas/ali/1.0/">https://eco-vector.com/for_authors.php#07</ali:license_ref></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://rjdentistry.com/1728-2802/article/view/702406">https://rjdentistry.com/1728-2802/article/view/702406</self-uri><abstract xml:lang="en"><p><bold><italic>BACKGROUND: </italic></bold><italic> </italic>The occurrence of microleakage in the gingival margins of restorations using composite materials is a frequently observed phenomenon, so the question arises about the ability of adhesive systems to hybridize dentin in this area. In the gingival margin of the restoration, microleakage is higher compared to the occlusal margin, as the thickness of the enamel decreases significantly in relation to the enamel-cement connection, and the enamel on the gingival wall of a V-class cavity is thinner than in the occlusal zone.</p> <p><bold><italic>AIM:</italic></bold><italic> </italic>To evaluate the marginal permeability at the tooth-filling material interface in the cervical region using a universal adhesive system in comparison with a 5th-generation adhesive system after thermocycles in laboratory conditions.</p> <p><bold><italic>METHODS:</italic></bold><italic> </italic>The marginal permeability at the seal-tooth border in the cervical area was determined: the main group: Tokuyama Universal Bond II (Tokuyama, Japan) (group 1), and the 5th-generation adhesive system (OptiBond Solo Plus (Kavo, Germany) (group 2) was used as the control groupon extracted tooth samples). The laboratory study included the following stages: sample preparation, the use of laboratory methods (thermal cycling of samples, staining, sawing of samples, photos with magnification), assessment of the degree of micro-flow of restorations by independent experts, statistical data processing in the SPSS Statistics program). Teeth removed for periodontal indications without carious lesions and large fillings were used to prepare the samples. The tests were carried out in accordance with GOST R 56924-2016 standard "DENTISTRY. Polymer reducing materials"</p> <p><bold><italic>RESULTS:</italic></bold><italic> </italic>In group 1 (universal adhesive), there was no microleakage on the occlusal wall of the cavity in the enamel area. The experts' point assessment did not reveal any statistically significant differences (p&gt;0.017). When assessing microleakage on the gingival wall in the samples of the first group, there were statistically significant differences between the assessments of 1, 2, and 3 experts (p&lt;0.017).</p> <p>In the second group of samples (5th generation adhesive), there were statistically significant differences between experts 2 and 3 in the assessment of microleakage on the occlusal wall (p&lt;0.017). When assessing microleakage on the gingival wall, the differences between the assessments of 1 and 3 experts were statistically significant (p&lt;0.017).</p> <p><bold><italic>CONCLUSION:</italic></bold><italic> </italic>In group 1, using a universal adhesive system, and in group 2, using a 5th-generation adhesive system, there was no permeability (0 (0; 1) p&lt;0.017) through the enamel wall. In the dentin/cement area, during the restoration of the cervical localization, there is a significant difference in micro-flow between group 1 (universal adhesive) (2 (0; 3)) and group 2 (adhesive system of the 5th generation) (2 (1;3) at p&lt;0.017.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="ru"><p><bold>Обоснование.</bold> Микроподтекание в десневых краях реставраций с применением композитных материалов — часто наблюдаемое явление, поэтому возникает вопрос о способности адгезивных систем гибридизировать дентин в этой области. В области десневого края реставрации микроподтекание выше по сравнению с окклюзионным краем, так как толщина эмали значительно уменьшается по отношению к эмалево-цементному соединению. Кроме того, эмаль на десневой стенке полости V класса по Блэку тоньше, чем в окклюзионной зоне.</p> <p><bold>Цель исследования.</bold> Оценить краевую проницаемость на границе «пломба–зуб» в пришеечной области с использованием универсальной адгезивной системы в сравнении с адгезивной системой 5-го поколения после термоциклирования в лабораторных условиях.</p> <p><bold>Методы.</bold> Определяли краевую проницаемость на границе «пломба–зуб» в пришеечной области: в экспериментальной группе 1 использовали универсальную адгезивную систему Tokuyama Universal Bond II (Tokuyama Dental, Япония); в контрольной группе 2 — адгезивную систему 5-го поколения OptiBond Solo Plus (Kerr, США) на образцах экстрагированных зубов.</p> <p>Лабораторное исследование включало подготовку образцов; их термоциклирование, окрашивание, распиливание; фото с увеличением; оценку степени микроподтекания реставраций независимыми экспертами. Статистическую обработку данных выполняли в программе SPSS Statistics. Для приготовления образцов использовали удалённые по пародонтологическим показаниям зубы без кариозных повреждений и больших пломб. Испытания проводили в соответствии с ГОСТ Р 56924-2016 «СТОМАТОЛОГИЯ. Материалы полимерные восстановительные».</p> <p><bold>Результаты.</bold> В группе 1 (универсальный адгезив) на окклюзионной стенке полости в области эмали отсутствует микроподтекание. Балльная оценка экспертов статистически значимых различий не выявила (<italic>р</italic> &gt;0,017). При оценке микроподтекания на десневой стенке в образцах группы 1 выявлены статистически значимые различия между оценками экспертов 1, 2 и 3 (<italic>р</italic> &lt;0,017).</p> <p>В группе 2 (адгезив 5-го поколения) при балльной оценке микроподтекания на окклюзионной стенке отмечены статистически значимые различия между экспертами 2 и 3 (<italic>р</italic> &lt;0,017). При оценке микроподтекания на десневой стенке различия между оценками экспертов 1 и 3 также статистически значимы (<italic>р</italic> &lt;0,017).</p> <p><bold>Заключение.</bold> В обеих группах установлено отсутствие проницаемости (0 [0; 1] при<italic> р</italic> &lt;0,017) по эмалевой стенке. В области «дентин/цемент» при реставрации пришеечной локализации отмечается статистически значимое различие в микроподтекании между группой, в которой использовали универсальный адгезив (2 [0; 3]), и группой, в которой использовали адгезивную систему 5-го поколения (2 [1; 3]) — при <italic>р </italic>&lt;0,017.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>Adhesion</kwd><kwd>adhesive system</kwd><kwd>cervical caries</kwd><kwd>adhesive strength, restoration, caries.</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>Адгезия</kwd><kwd>адгезивная система</kwd><kwd>пришеечный кариес</kwd><kwd>адгезионная прочность, реставрация, кариес.</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group/></article-meta></front><body></body><back><ref-list><ref id="B1"><label>1.</label><mixed-citation>Bragunova R.M., Razumova S.N., Volina E.G. Adhesive activity of cariesogenic microorganisms to composite material with antibacterial additive. Medical alphabet. 2018;3(24):26-27. 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