Peer-review medical journal Editor-in-chief: Prof. Valentina N. Olesova, MD, Dr. Sci. (Medicine) Publications: bimonthly with no APC in hybrid distribution model Indexation: Russian Science Citation Index (Web of Sciences), Google Scholar, Ulrich’s International Periodical Directory, Dimensions, CrossRef. ISSN 1728-2802 (Print) ISSN 2413-2934 (Online)
Authors who publish with this journal agree to the following terms: Authors retain copyright and grant the journal exclusive license to first publication. Authors are able to distribute the manuscript and/or the article in accordance with Self-Archiving policy of the journal (see details). The manuscript can be accepted for publication only by decision of the Editor-in-Chief and the Editorial board of the journal in accordance with the Manuscript stelection policy of the journal (see details). Published Article will be distributed in print and electronic version an will be available under subscription with Delayed Open Access or in Immediate Open Access under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License (CC BY-NC-ND 4.0). The access model depends on the publisher's decision or is determined by a separate Open Access publishing agreement with the authors. An exclusive license for publication granted by authors allows the publisher to use the article in the following ways: Reproduction of the Article or its sections or parts, as well as the metadata of the Article in any languages, in any material form, including on paper and electronic media, as a separate work in the journal and/or databases (local or in the Internet) of the publisher and/or other persons, at the discretion of the publisher; Distribution of the Article or its sections or parts, as well as the metadata of the Article in any languages, on any medium as part of the journal and/or databases of the publisher or other persons, at the discretion of the publisher, or as an independent work around the world whether on Open-Access terms or for a fee without remuneration to the Author; Making the Article or any of its sections or parts, as well as the Article’s metadata in any languages, publicly available in such a way that any person can access the Article from any place, including via the Internet, and at any time of their own choosing; Granting permission/s for the use of the Article or its sections or parts, as well as its metadata in any languages, to third parties with notice to the Author made by posting relevant information on the journal’s website, without paying remuneration to the Author; Processing the Article (i.e., editing, correcting, annotating, tagging, translating to any languages, typesetting) and using the revised (translated) Article in the aforementioned ways. Other rights not directly transferred to the publisher under this License Agreement, including patent rights to any process, method etc., described by the Authors in the manuscript, as well as trademark rights, are reserved for the Authors. All the Copyright statements for authors are present in the standart Publishing Agreement (Public Offer) to Publish an Article in an Academic Periodical 'Russian Journal of Dentistry'. - DOWNLOAD the print-version of the License Agreement. READ the details online (tap to see in details) Author’s license agreement (public offer) on the publication of an article in a scholarly journal “Russian Journal of Dentistry” Eco-Vector, represented by its CEO Evgeniy Schepin and acting on the basis of the Charter (hereinafter referred to as the Publisher), on the one hand, offers an indefinite circle of persons (hereinafter referred to as the Author), and on the other hand, hereinafter jointly referred to as the Parties, to execute this agreement (hereinafter referred to as the Agreement) on the publication of scientific article (hereinafter referred to as the Article) in a scholarly journal “Russian Journal of Dentistry” (further-the Journal) in accordance with the conditions stated below. I. General Provisions This Agreement, in accordance with clause 2 of Article 437 of the Civil Code of the Russian Federation, is a public offer (hereinafter referred to as the Offer) requiring full and unconditional acceptance (Acceptance), which, in accordance with Article 438 of the Civil Code of the Russian Federation, means the sending by the Author of his/her materials by way of uploading the same to the online electronic system designed to accept manuscripts for consideration, and subsequently posted in the corresponding section of the Journal’s website on the Internet information and telecommunications network (hereinafter referred to as the Internet). In accordance with the current legislation of the Russian Federation regarding the observance of copyright on electronic information resources, all materials found in a website, including submitted and published in electronic journals, may not be reproduced in whole or in part in any form (electronic or printed) without the prior written permission of the Publisher. Prior permission can be given by publishing an article in the open access with Creative Commons license. The journal requires license users to reference the original source, i.e., the publication, if the Author permits use of the public materials in the context of other documents. II. Terms used in the Agreement “Author” refers to an individual (or individuals) whose creative work has led to the creation of the manuscript of a scientific Article, or to a representative of these persons. “Manuscript” is the result of intellectual activity in the form of a scientific work containing text, graphic and numerical data, audiovisual information, program code and other elements submitted by the Author for publication in the Journal; it is also the mean “a draft of an Article submitted by the Author to be published in the Journal”. “Offer” is the current agreement (an offer to the author for the publication of an Article in the Journal). “Publication” is the process of placement of an Article in the Journal. “Article” is the manuscript that has been published in the Journal (after successful selection, editing, type-setting, copyediting, proofreading, translation). “Acceptance of the offer” refers to the full and unconditional acceptance of the offer on the terms specified in paragraph 3 of this agreement (the Author accepts offer by submitting a Manuscript to the Publisher via the online electronic submission system on the Journal’s Internet website). “Journal” is a scientific peer-reviewed periodical registered as a mass media entity in the Roskomnadzor register of the Russian Federation and ISSN-center. “Submission” is an electronic appeal of the Author to the Publisher for the publication of an Article in the Journal by uploading the manuscript and accompanying materials to the online electronic submission system on the Journal’s Internet website). “Publisher” refers to Eco-Vector, which is the Publisher of the journal. Article metadata includes the information that are intended for inclusion in International Scientific Databases and search engines, namely the following: title of the Article; information about each of the Authors (surname and first name; patronymic; place of work with the postal address indicated, contact information (e-mail)); abstract; keywords; thematic rubricator: UDC (Universal Decimal Classification) or other library and bibliographic classification and subject indexes; list of references. “Editorial board” is the creative team that prepares the journal for publication. “Parties” refers to the Author and the Publisher. “Author Guidelines” are the requirements for Articles published in the Journal, posted in the “For authors” section of the Journal’s Internet website. III. Subject of the Agreement (Offer) Under this agreement, the Author grants the Publisher, free of charge for the entire period of validity in accordance with the legislation of the Russian Federation, an exclusive license to use the Article created by the former for publication in the Journal, as well as the rights to use the article in the following ways: Reproduction of the Article or its sections or parts, as well as the metadata of the Article in any languages, in any material form, including on paper and electronic media, as a separate work in Journals and/or databases (local or in the Internet) of the Publisher and/or other persons, at the discretion of the Publisher; Distribution of the Article or its sections or parts, as well as the metadata of the Article in any languages, on any medium as part of the Journal and/or databases of the Publisher or other persons, at the discretion of the Publisher, or as an independent work around the world whether on Open-Access terms or for a fee without remuneration to the Author; Making the Article or any of its sections or parts, as well as the Article’s metadata in any languages, publicly available in such a way that any person can access the Article from any place, including via the Internet, and at any time of their own choosing; Granting permission/s for the use of the Article or its sections or parts, as well as its metadata in any languages, to third parties with notice to the Author made by posting relevant information on the Journal’s website, without paying remuneration to the Author; Processing the Article (i.e., editing, correcting, annotating, tagging, translating to any languages, typesetting) and using the revised (translated) Article in the aforementioned ways. Other rights not directly transferred to the Publisher under this Agreement, including patent rights to any process, method etc., described by the Author in the Article, as well as trademark rights, are reserved for the Author. The territory where the rights to the Article are allowed to be used is the whole world. The validity of this Agreement commences only if the manuscript of the Article is accepted for publication in the Journal and only from the moment of sending a notification of acceptance of the Article for publication to the Author from the official e-mail of the Journal. The rights are granted by the Author to the Publisher free of charge; the publication of the Article in the Journal does not entail any financial deductions to the Author. If the Publisher decides to reject the Submission or refuse to publish the Article in the Journal (i.e., retraction of the published Article), this Agreement becomes invalid. The decision to refuse publication will be sent to the Author at the e-mail address specified in the Submission. IV. Rights and Duties of the Parties The Author guarantees that: s/he holds the copyright the exclusive rights to the materials submitted to the Publisher as part of the manuscript of the Article; the rights granted to the Publisher under this agreement have not been previously transferred and will not be transferred to third parties in the future during the duration of the Agreement; the manuscript contains all references to the cited authors and/or publications (materials) provided for under the current copyright legislation; the Author has obtained all the necessary permissions for all information and other materials s/he holds no copyright to and that are used in the manuscript of the Article; the Article manuscript contains only materials permitted to be published in the open press in accordance with the current legislative acts of the Russian Federation, and its publication and distribution will not lead to the disclosure of secret (confidential) information (including state secrets); the Author has informed co-authors about the terms of this Agreement and has received their consent to execute this Agreement under the terms provided for in the Agreement. The Author carries certain obligations under the terms of the Agreement: s/he should prepare and submit the manuscript of the Article in accordance with the Author Guidelines posted on the Journal’s website; the Author should not use an electronic copy of the Article for commercial purposes and in other journal publications without the consent of the Publisher; in the process of preparing a manuscript for publication, the Author is obligated to undertake the following: make corrections to the text of the manuscript that have been marked by the peer-reviewers and accepted by the editorial board, and/or as necessary, upon the request of the Publisher and the editorial board, finalize the manuscript of the Article; revising and proofreading the manuscript of the Article in accordance with the editorial recommendations; suggest only the minimum of corrections to the type-setted (layout) Article. The Author has the following rights and duties: Use preprint or prior-to publication versions of an unpublished Article in the form and content accepted by the Publisher for publication in the Journal. Such prior-to-publish versions can be placed as electronic files on the personal websites of the Author (co-authors) or on the protected external websites of the employers of the Author; however, the Author cannot use the unpublished version(s) for commercial sale or for systematic external distribution by a third party (i.e., post on social media). The author or co-authors must, in turn, carry out certain duties, namely: include the following warning in the prior-to-publish version: “This is prior-to-publish version of the article accepted for publication in (Journal’s name), © Eco-Vector (year)”; provide the corresponding electronic link to the Publisher’s website at https://journals.eco-vector.com/ and/or via the DOI. Copy or transfer a copy of the published Article in whole or in part to colleagues free of charge for their personal or professional use, for the promotion of academic or scientific research, or for informational purposes of the Author’s employer. Use materials from a published Article in a book written by one of the co-authors. Use figures, tables and text excerpts from the Article for his or her (or co-authors’) own training purposes, or to include them in other published works in printed or electronic format by a third party, or to submit them in electronic format on an internal computer network, or on the public website of the Author (co-authors) or his/her employer. Include the Article in educational collections for use in the classroom, either for free distribution to the Author’s (co-authors’) students or in electronic format on a local server for access by students as part of the training course, as well as for internal training programs at the institution of the Author’s employer. The Publisher, for its part, is obliged to: publish the Author’s article in the Journal in printed and electronic form in accordance with the terms of this Agreement; if necessary, as so decided by the Journal’s editorial board, provide the Author with the proofreading of the manuscript and make a reasonable editing; provide to the Author the unlimited access to the final electronic version of the published Article (Version of Record) through the online electronic submission system on the Journal’s Internet website; comply with the Author’s rights as provided for by the current legislation, as well as protect them and take all necessary measures to prevent copyright infringement by third parties. The Publisher has a right to: conduct an expert evaluation of the manuscript (peer-reviewing and editorial evaluation) and invite the Author to make the necessary changes (revisions) to the manuscript; provide editing, copyediting, type-setting, proofreading, tagging, indexation and translation of the Article’s manuscript without altering the main content; in any subsequent authorized use by the Author (and/or other persons) of the Journal and/or Article (including any separate part or fragment thereof), require that a link to the Journal, Publisher, Author or other copyright holders, the title of the Article, the Journal’s volume/issue, and the year of publication be specified in the Journal; post preliminary and/or advertising information about the upcoming publication of the Article in the media and other information sources; make changes to the offer in accordance with the procedure established by the offer. The editorial board of the Journal, headed by the editor-in-chief, has the exclusive rights to select and/or reject materials sent to the Journal editorial office for publications purposes. The manuscript sent by the Author to the Journal editorial office is not subject to return. The editorial board of the Journal does not enter into correspondence about rejection of submissions. In all cases not stipulated and not provided for in this agreement, the parties are obliged to be guided by the relevant current laws of the Russian Federation. V. Acceptance of the Offer and Execution of the Agreement. Terms of the Agreement The Author accepts the Offer by submitting the manuscript on the Article to the Publisher through the electronic manuscript submission system on the Journal's Internet website. Acceptance of the offer by the author creates an Agreement in writing (Articles 438 and 1286.1 of the Civil Code of the Russian Federation) on the terms of the offer. This Agreement is valid for the duration of the exclusive rights to the Article. When transferring (alienating) the exclusive right to the Article by the Author to a third party, this Agreement does not terminate. VI. Procedure for changing and terminating the Agreement The Publisher has the right to unilaterally change the terms of this Agreement, in advance, at least 10 (ten) calendar days before the entry into force of the intended relevant changes, but with notice to the Author through the Journal’s website or by e-mail to the Author’s e-mail address specified in the Author’s Submission. The changes will take effect from the date specified in the relevant notification. If the Author rejects the changes to the terms of this Agreement, s/he has the right to notify the Publisher by sending a written notification through the online manuscripts submission system, making sure that the same is sent to the official e-mail address of the editorial office. This Agreement may be terminated prematurely, either by agreement of the parties at any time, or on other grounds provided for in this Agreement. The Author has the right to unilaterally withdraw from the execution of this Agreement by sending the Publisher a corresponding notification in writing at least 60 (sixty) calendar days in advance before the expected date of publication of the Article in the Journal. Termination of the Agreement for any reason does not release the parties from liability for any violation of the terms of the Agreement that occurred during the validity period. VII. Responsibility The parties are responsible for non-fulfillment or improper fulfillment of their obligations under the Agreement in accordance with the current relevant legislation of the Russian Federation. All information provided by the Author must be reliable. The Author is expected to provide accurate and complete the information to the Publisher. When using false information received from the Author, the Publisher is not responsible for the negative consequences caused by his actions on the basis of the false information provided. With regard to the content of the Article, the Author is solely responsible for compliance with the requirements of the laws of the Russian Federation pertaining to advertising, copyright and related rights’ protection, protection of trademarks and service marks, and the protection of consumer rights. The Publisher does not bear any responsibility under the agreement: for any actions that are a direct or indirect result of Author’s illegal actions; for any loss incurred by the Author, regardless of whether the Publisher could have foreseen the possibility of such losses or not. The Publisher is released from liability for violation of the terms of the Agreement if such violation is caused by force majeure, including actions of state authorities (including the adoption of legal acts), fire, flood, earthquake, other natural disasters, lack of electricity and/or computer network failures, strikes, civil unrest, riots, etc. VIII. Dispute resolution Disputes and disagreements will be resolved by the parties through negotiations, and in case of failure to reach an Agreement they will strive to seek resolution in accordance with the current legislation of the Russian Federation. If there are unresolved disagreements, the parties agree to resolve the disputes in court at the jurisdiction covered by the Publisher’s location in accordance with the current legislation of the Russian Federation. IX. Miscellaneous All notifications, messages, requests, etc. (with the exception of documents that must be sent as originals in accordance with the laws of the Russian Federation) are considered received by the Author if they were transmitted (sent) by the Publisher through the Journal’s website (including by publication), fax, e-mail based on the address specified in the Submission, and other communication channels. The parties recognize the legal force of notifications, messages, requests, etc., transmitted (sent) by the above methods. In the event of claims against the Publisher related to the violation of the exclusive copyright and other intellectual property rights of third parties when creating an article or in connection with the execution of this Agreement by the Author, as well as in connection with the use of the Article by the Publisher in accordance with the Agreement, the author undertakes: To immediately take measures to resolve disputes with third parties soon after receiving Publisher’s notification, and if necessary, enter into legal proceedings on the Publisher’s side and take all appropriate actions needed to exclude the Publisher from the list of defendants; To reimburse the publisher for the legal costs incurred and expenses and losses caused by the application of measures to secure the claim and execute a court decision, and the money paid to a third party for the violation of exclusive copyright and other intellectual property rights, as well as other losses incurred by the Publisher in connection with the Author’s non-compliance with the guarantees provided by them under this Agreement. X. Legal address and details of the Publisher Eco-Vector Address: 191186, St. Petersburg, Aptekarsky Pereulok, 3 letter A, room 1N TIN: 7806423692; KPP: 784101001; OGRN: 1099847039907.
Detection and parameters of galvanic couples in the oral cavity of patients with orthodontic appliances: a cross-sectional diagnostic study
BACKGROUND: Few publications address the potential development of oral electrogalvanic processes in individuals wearing orthodontic appliances. However, brackets, archwires, and retainers are often fabricated from dissimilar metal alloys, which may lead to the formation of galvanic couples in the oral cavity. AIM: To assess the risks of electro-galvanic processes during orthodontic treatment of young patients with dentofacial anomalies, depending on the electro-galvanic parameters of components of orthodontic appliances in the oral cavity. METHODS: Thirty-one patients with various dentofacial anomalies were examined during treatment with fixed orthodontic appliances (bracket systems). Galvanic couples among metallic components of orthodontic appliances (brackets, archwires, retainers) were identified by measuring the electrochemical potentials of each metallic element present intraorally for each patient, followed by calculating potential differences in millivolts (mV). A galvanic couple was considered present if the potential difference exceeded 50 mV. Measurements were obtained using a Fluke 115 multimeter (Fluke, USA). In addition, hydrogen ion concentration (pH) in gingival crevicular fluid adjacent to metallic elements forming galvanic couples was determined with pHSCAN indicator strips (pHSCAN, Russia). Differences in pH values were then calculated; if the difference exceeded 0.6 units, the galvanic couple was classified as active. RESULTS: Electrochemical potential measurements revealed that most patients (n = 27; 87.1%) did not present galvanic couples. The mean potential difference among appliance components was 27.7 ± 0.9 mV. In contrast, four patients (12.9%) demonstrated supranormal potential differences between archwires and brackets, averaging 66.0 ± 1.5 mV. In these patients, gingival crevicular fluid pH values ranged from 6.4 to 6.8 (mean, 6.60 ± 0.15), with pH differences below 0.6 units in all cases. However, objective evaluation of galvanic couple activity based on pH differences was not feasible because orthodontic components lacked direct contact with the gingival crevice and its fluid. CONCLUSION: A relatively high frequency of galvanic couples formed by elements of orthodontic appliances was observed (12.9% of patients undergoing orthodontic treatment). Currently, reliable determination of galvanic couple activity during orthodontic treatment remains unavailable; therefore, these patients require increased attention and longitudinal monitoring to detect signs of electrogalvanic processes at an early stage.
Copyright (c) 2025 Eco-Vector https://eco-vector.com/for_authors.php#07
Assessment of observer variation in identifying craniometric landmarks and calculating radiographic anatomic indices of the temporomandibular joint: a cross-sectional study
BACKGROUND: One of the key tasks of contemporary dentistry is the analysis of radiographic images of the temporomandibular joint. Errors arising during analysis of cone-beam computed tomography data of the temporomandibular joint may lead to incorrect radiologic interpretation and inadequate treatment planning. AIM: This work aimed to determine the extent to which observer variation influences the radiologic interpretation of temporomandibular joint status based on cone-beam computed tomography data. METHODS: Сone-beam computed tomography scans of the facial bones were obtained from 20 patients (14 women, 6 men; age range, 25–64 years) with temporomandibular joint disorders. To assess the impact of observer variation on the analysis of cone-beam computed tomography images of the temporomandibular joint, unified software and a standardized protocol for identifying craniometric landmarks were used to calculate the anatomic and topographic position of the mandibular condyle. Cone-beam computed tomography analysis was performed using our method of automated craniometry of cranial anatomical structures (Certificate of State Registration of Computer Programs No. 2017662860). The obtained data were used to analyze deviations in calculations. RESULTS: The study revealed substantial systematic and random errors in the assessment of the analyzed craniometric parameters, which are unacceptable in clinical practice. CONCLUSION: To reduce the impact of observer variation on radiologic interpretation in cone-beam computed tomography analysis of the facial bones, training programs should include not only theoretical instructions but also substantial time for workplace internship under the supervision of an experienced mentor.
Association between dental caries experience and dietary patterns in adults and older adults of Arkhangelsk Region: a cross-sectional population study
BACKGROUND: Studies across countries show associations between dental caries and food consumption. However, links between caries and dietary patterns in adults and older adults living in the European North of Russia remain insufficiently explored. AIM: This study aimed to examine associations between caries experience and dietary patterns in adult and older adult residents of Arkhangelsk Region. METHODS: We assessed the dental profile of 1586 participants in the observational cross-sectional study “Epidemiology of Cardiovascular Diseases in the Regions of the Russian Federation. Third Examination” (ESSE-RF3; ages 35–74 years). Participants reported the frequency of consumption of various foods and beverages. We evaluated hard dental tissues according to the methodology of the WHO Regional Office for Europe and recorded the DMFT index (Decayed, Missing, and Filled Teeth), calculated as the sum of decayed (D), filled (F), and missing (M) teeth. To assess associations between the DMFT index and food-consumption frequency, we fitted simple and multiple linear regression models adjusted for age, education, income, occupation, marital status, smoking, and alcohol consumption. RESULTS: The DMFT index decreased with increasing frequency of vegetable consumption (fresh and cooked) (p for trend < 0.001). Сaries experience was 1.8 points higher among participants who consumed bread and bakery products daily or almost daily than among those who consumed them less than once per week (p = 0.026), which was consistent with increasing caries experience as consumption frequency increased (p for trend < 0.006). Caries experience decreased with higher plain drinking-water intake (p for trend = 0.008). The DMFT index among individuals consuming black tea more than 3 times per day was 2.7 points higher than among nonconsumers (p < 0.001). CONCLUSION: Among Arkhangelsk Region residents aged 35–74 years, lower caries experience is associated with frequent consumption of vegetables and plain drinking water, whereas higher caries experience is associated with frequent consumption of bread and bakery products and black tea. These findings should inform population-level and individualized caries-prevention programs for adults and older adults.
Copyright (c) 2025 Eco-Vector https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/
Departmental dental care for workers in hazardous industries in the Central Federal District: a cross-sectional study
BACKGROUND: Maintaining work capacity among employees exposed to occupational hazards requires careful monitoring of their oral health and effective organization of dental care for workers and their families. AIM: This work aimed to perform a statistical analysis of dental units in medical organizations under the Federal Medical-Biological Agency (FMBA) of Russia in the Central Federal District in 2024. METHODS: Standardized annual institutional statistical reports for 2024 were analyzed (Form 30 — tables 5117, 5100, 3100, 2800, 2710, 2704, 2702, 2701, 2100, 1100, 1001), along with selected additional indicators provided upon request. RESULTS: Analysis of annual reports from dental departments of FMBA medical organizations in the Central Federal District for 2024 showed that the availability of dental specialists for the adult population was comparable to national averages, as were rates of dental service utilization. A lower number of dentists was identified in the staffing structure of the FMBA of Russia compared with other regions of the country. Preventive activities were demonstrated, including annual examinations and comprehensive dental treatment for workers in hazardous industries at affiliated enterprises. CONCLUSION: Resources for improving the dental services of the FMBA of Russia were identified in the following areas: improving access to dental care in accordance with Order No. 786n of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation dated July 31, 2020, On Approval of the Procedure for Providing Medical Care to the Adult Population for Dental Diseases; increasing staffing of dental specialists; enhancing motivation of workers in hazardous industries to complete comprehensive dental treatment during periodic health examinations and motivating the general population to seek timely dental care; and upgrading dental and radiologic equipment. Improving the quality indicators of dental services also remains relevant.
Analysis and evaluation of the clinical effectiveness of chronic periodontitis treatment using stromal vascular fraction and native autologous platelet plasma: a controlled randomized clinical study
BACKGROUND: Periodontitis causes persistent oral discomfort manifested by gingival inflammation and tenderness, thereby limiting normal physiological functions. The aim of this study was to evaluate the clinical effectiveness of chronic periodontitis treatment using stromal vascular fraction (SVF) in combination with native autologous platelet plasma (APP). The findings may contribute to the optimization of periodontitis treatment methods and improve the prognosis for patients with this condition. AIM: To evaluate the influence of the SVF in combination with native APP on periodontal tissue condition, reduction of inflammation and alveolar bone regeneration. METHODS: 85 patients aged 36 to 65 years with chronic periodontitis and a body mass index > 30 were randomly divided into two groups according to the treatment method: group 1 — the main group (n = 43), where standard therapy was supplemented with injections of SVF and native APP into the periodontal tissues; group 2 — the control group (n = 42), where only conventional therapy was used. The analysis and evaluation of treatment effectiveness were based on clinical and instrumental diagnostic methods. Clinical parameters used to assess the effectiveness of periodontal therapy included: (1) oral hygiene index (HI) by Fedorov–Volodkina and Mühlemann bleeding index (BI), both assessed after staining; (2) probing depth (PD) measured with a periodontal probe; (3) tooth mobility assessed using the Miller mobility index with dental tweezers; (4) bone resorption evaluated using computed tomography (CT); and (5) periodontal microcirculation assessed by laser capillary blood flow analysis (LAKK-OP). RESULTS: In group 1, the following indicators were obtained: HI, 3.500 ± 0.021; BI, 3.600 ± 0.022; PD, 5.100 ± 1.020 mm. CT revealed alveolar bone resorption up to one third of the root length. Doppler flowmetry demonstrated a blood perfusion volume of 19.010 ± 0.034 perfusion units and a perfusion rate of 1.620 ± 0.034 perfusion units. In group 2, HI was 3.400 ± 0.023, BI 3.500 ± 0.021, and PD 5.0 ± 1.030 mm. CT revealed alveolar bone resorption extending to one third of the root length, with a perfusion volume of 18.050 ± 0.033 perfusion units and a perfusion rate of 1.540 ± 0.028 perfusion units. CONCLUSION: The use of SVF and native APP in the comprehensive treatment of chronic periodontitis has a beneficial effect on periodontal condition. A marked improvement in periodontal status was observed, manifested clinically by normalization of gingival appearance and reduction in bleeding and swelling of the marginal and papillary gingiva. Alveolar bone showed stabilization, periodontal defects regressed, progression of alveolar bone resorption was halted, and no tooth mobility was observed.
Comparing the shear bond strength between universal and fifth-generation adhesives in direct restorations: a randomized controlled laboratory study
BACKGROUND: Evaluation of the clinical effectiveness of an adhesive system based solely on bond strength testing is insufficient. Additional laboratory studies are recommended, including assessment of restoration retention loss after thermocycling and testing of marginal adaptation of restorations in extracted teeth. AIM: This study aimed to compare the shear bond strength of composite restorations to tooth hard tissues after thermocycling when using a universal adhesive system and a fifth-generation adhesive system. METHODS: Shear bond strength was determined using a universal adhesive system (group 1) and a fifth-generation adhesive system (group 2). Laboratory tests were performed at the Department of Propaedeutics of Dental Diseases, Medical Institute of the Peoples’ Friendship University of Russia (Moscow), and at Technodent LLC (Belgorod). The study included specimen preparation, laboratory testing (thermocycling and shear bond strength testing), and statistical analysis using SPSS Statistics software. Extracted teeth without carious lesions or large restorations, removed for periodontal indications, were used for specimen preparation. The specimens were tested in accordance with GOST R 56924-2016 Dentistry — Polymer-based Restorative Materials. RESULTS: The mean shear bond strength in group 1 (universal adhesive system) was 17.48 ± 3.30 MPa, exceeding the GOST R 56924-2016 requirements by 2.5 times. In group 2 (fifth-generation adhesive system), the mean shear bond strength was 16.54 ± 3.91 MPa, exceeding the standard requirements by 2.4 times. The shear bond strength in the universal adhesive group was 1.05 times higher compared with the fifth-generation adhesive group. The difference between groups 1 and 2 was statistically significant (p < 0.05). CONCLUSION: The shear bond strength of the universal adhesive system exceeded that of the fifth-generation adhesive system by 1.05 times and was 17.48 ± 3.30 MPa (p < 0.05), indicating high clinical effectiveness of both adhesive systems, particularly for restorations located in the cervical area.
Spectrophotometric method for assessing dentin moisture in clinical settings: a randomized controlled clinical trial
BACKGROUND: Air-drying exposed dentin with open dentinal tubules is ineffective because rapid rehydration (refilling of the tubules with dentinal fluid) occurs within a very short time, effectively nullifying the procedure. As a result, penetration of dentinal fluid into the adhesive system of composite restorations is inevitable. Developing methods to mitigate the adverse effects of dentinal fluid on composite bonding — guided by objective, instrument-based assessment of dentin moisture — is a timely priority in contemporary dentistry. AIM: This trial aimed to develop a clinical method for evaluating dentin moisture using spectrophotometry. METHODS: A VITA Easyshade spectrophotometer (VITA Zahnfabrik H. Rauter GmbH & Co. KG, Germany) was used to assess dentin moisture due to dentinal fluid. Dentin moisture was assessed by analyzing its color parameters — lightness (L), chroma (C), and hue (H) — which change over time as dentinal fluid accumulates on the dentin surface. RESULTS: In dentin not treated with 3% sodium hypochlorite, lightness (L) decreased from 82.6 to 73.1 units (−11.8%) and chroma (C) decreased from 25.5 to 20.2 units (−20.8%) within 5 minutes, indicating increased dentin density. In dentin treated with 3% sodium hypochlorite for 5 minutes, lightness (L) decreased from 76.5 to 74.6 units (−2.5%), and chroma (C) decreased from 22.4 to 21.1 units (−5.9%). CONCLUSION: Spectrophotometry can be used as an objective method for evaluating dentin moisture in vital teeth under clinical conditions. Pretreatment of dentin with 3% sodium hypochlorite before composite restoration substantially reduces dentin moisture and has a beneficial effect on adhesion.
Advantages of polymer post-and-core restorations: a new perspective on tooth rehabilitation using 3D technologies: a review
This review synthesizes current evidence on the use of 3D-printed polymer post-and-core restorations for rehabilitation of endodontically treated teeth. Based on a search of publications from 2021 to 2025 in PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, CrossRef, DOAJ, Google Scholar, and eLIBRARY.RU, more than 50 records were screened. Fourteen articles were selected according to relevance, full-text availability, and clinical focus, including clinical observations, in vitro experiments, and systematic reviews. Studies have shown that additively manufactured polymer restorations are bio inert, corrosion resistant, and exhibit an elastic modulus comparable to dentin, thereby reducing the risk of root fractures commonly observed in metal and zirconia systems. High-precision digital modeling provides an accurate fit and reduces the extent of tooth preparation, preserving up to 25% of hard dental tissues. Optimized post-processing (ultraviolet curing in a nitrogen environment and polishing) decreases surface roughness and improves bonding. These advantages, combined with a 40%–60% reduction in laboratory time and approximately one-third lower treatment cost, support the economic feasibility of the approach. Clinical case series with five-year follow-up demonstrate restoration stability without signs of failure or decompensation and with maintained function. Limitations include the need for expensive equipment, high energy consumption, and a shortage of clinical trial data. The findings suggest that polymer 3D-printed post-and-core restorations are a promising alternative to conventional systems; however, their reliability requires confirmation in expanded clinical studies with follow-up beyond five years.
Comparative characteristics of the chemical structure of barrier membranes: a review
The increasing prevalence of dental implant placement and guided bone regeneration procedures in periodontology worldwide has heightened the clinical priority of optimizing the techniques for restoring the volume of the alveolar. The primary goal of these interventions is to reconstruct adequate bone volume required for establishing a stable osseous foundation suitable for both natural teeth and dental implants. The work aimed to analyze published data on the use of barrier membranes in implantology and guided tissue regeneration of the periodontium, with a particular focus on their chemical composition, and to identify their key advantages and limitations. A total of 245 publications were retrieved from the PubMed/MEDLINE, Google Scholar, and eLIBRARY.RU databases. Following the selection process, 30 articles were included in the review. In recent years, the primary objective of periodontal guided tissue regeneration has been the development of novel barrier materials that demonstrate optimal biocompatibility while combining features of both resorbable and nonresorbable membranes. Polylactide and polyglycolide have been identified as promising materials for the fabrication of such membranes.
Therapeutic and preventive approaches to protecting dental hard tissues and periodontal tissues from non-ionizing electromagnetic radiation: a review
Non-ionizing electromagnetic fields — from extremely low-frequency power lines to radiofrequency emissions from mobile devices and Wi-Fi — create a steadily increasing environmental background that also affects the oral cavity. Over the past decade, evidence has accumulated showing that such exposure is not biologically neutral: in vitro and in vivo studies have demonstrated reductions in enamel microhardness, initiation of oxidative stress in saliva, corrosion of dental alloys, and disturbances of periodontal homeostasis. However, current clinical guidelines for caries and periodontal disease prevention scarcely account for electromagnetic exposure as a contributing factor. This review summarizes 25 studies published between 2011 and 2025, integrating disparate findings into a unified concept of multilevel protection of the dental hard tissues and periodontium. For the first time, a comparative effectiveness matrix is proposed in which remineralizing agents (fluoride, calcium-phosphate, nanohydroxyapatite) and antioxidants (melatonin, vitamin C) are evaluated alongside physical methods such as photobiomodulation, Nd:YAG laser treatment, pulsed electromagnetic fields, and shielding coatings. Data analysis indicates that chemical remineralization restores enamel microhardness up to 96% of baseline, while antioxidant therapy reduces salivary lipid peroxidation markers by nearly 40%. Light-based protocols (LED and laser) decrease probing pocket depth by an average of 1.2 mm, whereas local pulsed electromagnetic field exposure accelerates early implant osseointegration and reduces orthodontic relapse. The uniqueness of this review lies in its integrative interpretation of findings: molecular mechanisms of damage (oxidative stress, demineralization, inflammation) are correlated with the evidence base of preventive strategies, forming a practical algorithm suitable for integration into dental care standards. Special attention is given to children and adolescents, whose developing enamel absorbs more radiofrequency energy, an aspect rarely addressed in prior reviews. Finally, the review outlines priority areas for future research: standardization of electromagnetic field dosimetry, long-term randomized clinical trials of combined strategies, and clinical validation of barrier materials. Thus, this review not only systematizes existing approaches but also provides a practical roadmap for mitigating electromagnetic field–induced mineralization defects and inflammatory changes of dental hard tissues and periodontal tissues in the era of ubiquitous digitalization.