No 2 (2008)

Seventy-two patients aged 34 to 69 years suffering from metabolic syndrome were examined. In 69 patients, salivary gland lesions in a form of sialadenosis were found; parotid glands were involved in the first place. These changes in the salivary glands of patients with metabolic syndrome, in the authors' opinion may be considered an integrated pathological process with insulinoresistance as the common pathological mechanism. Management of metabolic syndrome resulted in positive changes in the salivary glands. The data obtained are the basis for further investigations.

Mature forms of periodontitis usually appear due to non-hereditary environmental factors. At the same time, there is a plenty of intermediate pathological conditions, in the pathogenesis of which hereditary factors play the key role.

A complex of dental-oriented prophylactic measures for metallurgical workers of Far North was developed; the complex was found to be more effective than conventional methods.

The paper contains data obtained during a clinico-biochemical study of the oral liquid of patients with mild dental enamel hypoplasia. The study proved that patients with enamel hypoplasia need a complex of medical and preventive measures, which could not only improve the aesthetic state of teeth in patients with this non-carious disease, but also to change the composition of the oral cavity.

The paper presents the results of a clinical study dedicated to the efficacy of the following antiseptics: mepasil, osomol (Pierre Rolland, France), and metapaste (Biomed CO., Ltd, South Korea) in treatment of chronic pulpitis and periodontitis. The study revealed that the results in the treatment group were better than in the control group, and that mepasil and metapaste were more efficient in treatment of chronic periodontitis, whilst osomol 4 proved to be an efficient preparation to treat chronic pulpitis.

The study was dedicated to the influence of direct current on root canal microflora in pulpitis and periodontitis. The effects of the following methods were studied: transcanal electrophoresis of iodine from 10% potassium iodine solution or from 10% potassium iodine solution supplemented with 5% iodine tincture; transcanal anodgalvanization; depo-phoresis of copper-calcium hydroxide; apex-phoresis using a silver-copper electrode. According to the study, the most active antibacterial effect was provided by procedures during which the electrode inside the dental cavity was connected to the "plus" of the electrical source, i.e. transcanal anodgalvanization and apex-phoresis. During the procedure the active part of the electrode is subjected to anodal dissolution, and metal ions move to the surrounding tissues, thus exerting a bactericidal effect. These are copper ions in transcanal anodgalvanization or a combination of silver ions with copper ions when apex-phoresis is applied. Both methods demonstrated high antibacterial activity towards all anaerobes isolated from dental root canals. The experimental results obtained in vitro were confirmed clinically using the bacteriological technique and the molecular-genetic technique to reveal difficult-to-cultivate virulent anaerobic bacteria using MultiDent-5, a diagnostic kit for PCR. The data obtained allow recommending transcanal anodgalvanization and apex-phoresis for wide clinical application to efficiently disinfect and sterilize root canal contents when treating pulpitis and various forms of chronic periodontitis.

One hundred and sixty-two patients with acute odontogenic pyoseptic diseases and 85 patients with non-complicated mandibular fractures or with inflammatory process in the site of the fracture were examined. The study found an increase in the content of Ca in all the patients with pyogenic diseases. At the same time, the content of Si increased only in patients with osteophlegmon or mandibular fracture complicated by a pyogenic process in the osteal wound, and decreased in osteal wound suppuration and traumatic osteomyelitis complicated by phlegmon. Ca/Si ratio increased in patients with odontogenic or traumatic jaw osteomyelitis complicated by phlegmon or osteal wound suppuration.

Taking into account sociopolitical peculiarities of Russian Federation, the experience of foreign countries in the organization of dental healthcare cannot always be used in the construction of the national one. At the same time, under the conditions of the today's world political picture, the creation of an isolated public health system without taking into consideration possible points of contact with the public health systems of other subjects of world policy appears shortsighted and hardly possible. This article describes recommendations of the 60th World Health Assembly, the introduction of which into global practice should decrease the prevalence and severity of oral cavity pathology among the population.

The article describes the incipient process of public health and dental care reforming processes in Kirghiz Republic. The author analyzes the state of the dental care in Kirghiz Republic within the period of 2001 to 2005, the period of the introduction of public health system. The analysis shows that the volume of dental care, especially of preventive measures and oral cavity sanation in school-age children during this period decreased.