No 3 (2008)

In a rabbit experiment, the reparative process in the mandible going under the influence of human marrow mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) was studied. It was demonstrated that the closure of mandibular defects with titanium plates without cells did not reestablish bone integrity, and the defects closed with rough-fiber connective tissue. Similarly, the closure of a defect with a titanium implant with killed MSC culture on its surface did not activate bone regeneration. The use of plates with alive MSC culture was associated with the activation of bone regeneration, leading to filling of mandibular bone defects with bone reclaim. The results are being analyzed.

Different methodical approaches to the study of periodontopathies prevalence (examination of people seeking help at medical institutions or prophylactic examinations of various organized population groups) lead to conflicting results. The absence of pain or other unpleasant sensations at the early stage of the disease prevents patients from seeing a doctor, which makes studies and the collection of data on its epidemiology a challenge. According to some authors, periodontal diseases remain one of the chief problems of modern medicine and constitute the second most prevalent group among dental diseases. The incidence of the diseases and the degree of pathological changes are in reverse correlation with living standards and the level of oral hygiene. Of late, the have been many publications on the incidence of periodontal pathology in some system diseases, malocclusion, and abnormal tooth position. Not only the high prevalence, but also difficulties in treatment including incomplete periodontal tissue regeneration, make this problem one of the biggest challenges in dentistry.

The dynamic of patient adaptation to complete removable prostheses depending on the method of their fixation was studied. The results of Doppler ultrasonography demonstrated that patients with conventional removable prostheses that rested only on the mucosal membrane and the underlying bone tissue needed a substantial tension of adaptive and compensatory mechanisms vs. patients who had been treated with complete removable prostheses fixed on intra-osseal implants.

Management of the injured with facial deformations and defects is in the competition of not only maxillofacial surgeons, but also neurosurgeons, ophthalmologists, and otolaringologists. This creates contradictions in the treatment and rehabilitation of this category of patients and prolongs treatment, which makes functional and esthetic defects more prominent and disables people who otherwise would be capable of working. The authors'surgical tactics in treatment of this group of the injured included not only planning of the surgical intervention carried out in collaboration with related specialists, but also the embodiment of the plan by all necessary specialists during one surgery under general anesthesia. The application of these tactics made it possible to significantly shorten the terms of treatment and rehabilitation.

The article describes various methods to prepare prosthetic bed tissues to rational tooth replacement; the authors evaluate the efficacy of these methods. To achieve optimal results, they recommend complex application of blood auto plasma enriched with platelets and fibrin proteins to fill postoperation defects and early dental replacement using two-layer removable constructions.