No 1 (2009)

A large number of techniques had been used to define clinical criteria to choose the number of supporting teeth for dental bridges. The results obtained with the given technique demonstrated that not only supporting teeth, but also the entire skull up to its forehead part became deformed. The biggest and most even deformations of all the supporting teeth were found when long dental bridges (variant 1) were used. The most prominent local deformations in the area of supporting teeth expressed to the same degree were found when short bridges (variant 3) were used. The use of short console dental bridges (variants 3, 4, and 6) led to the biggest deformations only in the loaded support. Loading with variant 5 led to deformations in the loaded support area, which diminished as the distance from the place where the load was applied grew.

Intraspecific differences in the morphofunctional condition of the periodontium and immune system of Balb/c and C57Bl/6 mice under normal conditions and during adaptation to cold effect were studied. According to the morphological investigation and visual inspection of the periodontium, cold action led to periodontal inflammation in both Balb/c and C57Bl/6 mice, more pronounced in non-stress-resistant Balb/c mice. Stressful cold effect activates lipid peroxidation and changes the activity of antioxidative enzymes and immune organ reaction. These changes were also more prominent in Balb/c mice.

In rats with "ligature" periodontitis an incision of the mucosa between the incisors reaching bony tissue was made either with a scalpel (controls) or using Er,Cr:YSGG laser Millennium in ablation mode with or without air-water mixture. The experiment demonstrates advantages of the application of laser with air-water mixture: less damage to the tissues; earlier vascular response; migration of leukocytes and fibroblasts. These factors favor the recovery of periodontal tissues. Clinical application of laser in surgical treatment of periodontitis demonstrated its higher efficacy, which manifested by a decrease in bleeding, a decrease in the depth of periodontal pockets, and a prolongation of the remission of inflammatory process.

The main goal of the article is an attempt to improve radiological examination techniques used in diagnostics of maxillodental inflammatory diseases, and its main idea is to evaluate possibilities provided by new diagnostic techniques, and to illustrate methods and projections of conventional radiography, which is still used rarely in the dentist's practice. Of late, there have appeared a lot of new radiological diagnostic techniques, the most important of which is dental volume tomography developed thanks to digital technology. These techniques are able to seriously heighten the quality of diagnostics. Along with them there have been collected a significant material (465 observations) reflecting maxillodental inflammatory processes. Among tasks demanding fulfillment, the article covers the problem of differential diagnostics of odontogenic and non-odontogenic sinusites and lymphadenites, as well as improvement of the regimen of radiological diagnostics of the given pathology. The author considers that the use of the high informative value of radiological diagnostic techniques in the diagnosis of maxillodental inflammatory diseases by clinisists provides them with valuable information for cost- and time-effective diagnostics and quality treatment without high radiation exposure.