No 2 (2009)

Experiments on extracted human teeth demonstrated that exposure of the mineral sediment formed at the bottom of the prepared dental root cavity as a result of single BV application to Er: YAG laser irradiation (0.5 W at a distance of 0.5 cm during 10 s) led to the "caking" of the sedement and caused no damage to surrounding hard tissues. A power of 0.25 W did not cause this effect in the mineral sediment, while 0.75 W application led to dental root hard tissue carbonization.

The goal of the study was to assess the condition of the oral cavity in practically healthy children and children suffering from various dental pathologies. The subjects of the study were 85 children aged 10 to 17. Of them, 35 children had no gastrointestinal pathology, and 50 children undergoing treatment at Pediatric Clinic, Moscow Medical Academy, had various diseases: Crohns disease (13 patients); chronic colitis (19 patients); chronic Helicobacter pylori-associated or non-associated gastritis (18 patients). The data obtained were used to constitute the microbial metabolic passport of children with no signs of dental pathology, which had certain CSFA content characteristics different from those in the adult metabolic passport. The study found different dysbiotic alterations in children with dental diseases, such as a decrease in the quantity and metabolic activity of indigenous microflora manifesting by disturbances in the qualitative and quantitative composition of salivary CSFA correlating with the clinical picture. Qualitative changes in the oral microflora consisted in increased aerobic metabolic activity and proteolysis together with decreased anaerobic microflora activity in children with hard tissue pathology; in children with periodontal lesions anaerobic microbial activity was increases, while proteolytic aerobes were depressed.

Patients with periodontal diseases, who suffer from selenium deficiency, display changes in the functioning of the anti-radical protection manifesting in increased levels of malonic aldehyde and diene conjugates, whereas the anti-radical production is decreased. Selenium deficiency has negative effects on functional processes of cell-mediated and humoral immunity, which should be taken into account in complex therapy of patients with chronic periodontal diseases.

This double-blind placebo-controlled study demonstrates the effectiveness of 14-day applications of cycloferon liniment in addition to conventional therapy of patients with mild or moderate exacerbated periodontitis. The subjects of the study were 180 patients. Cycloferon improved the clinical picture of periodontitis, including index parameters and recurrence rate as well as appearance of comorbid trigger factors. The effects of the medicine on immune parameters, including the levels of pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines of periodontal pocket fluid were analyzed. The results of the study demonstrate that applications of cycloferon liniment should be included in complex therapy of patients with periodontitis.