No 5 (2003)

On the basis of an experimental study the authors established that there is a tens relation between the female genitals and the salivary glands. A sialadenosis-type pathological process, whose intensity depends on a lesion form, evolves in the salivary glands, in presence of ovary diseases or in ovariectomy. The inflammatory component can emerge at the early stages of sialadenosis.

Two new coefficients are suggested for evaluating the dynamics of osseous reparative regeneration after fractures; the coefficients were designed on the basis of 4-stage experiments with young rats with an initial body weight of 50-60 g: 1) intact control, 2) fracture in the right part of the mandibular bone, 3) fracture and cutting of the right lower alveolar nerve, and 4) fracture and extraction of the right upper cervical sympathetic ganglion. The experiments lasted for 1,2 and 4 weeks, which provided for the shaping of cellular-fibrous (soft), chondroid and primary-osseous callus. Each experimental group comprised 8 to 10 young rats. A half of animals received daily calcitonin (0.1 unit, intra intrapentoneally). Two coefficients were determined, which reflected the ration between the activity of aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and alanine aminotransferase (ALT), on the one hand, and the activity of alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and acid phosphatase (ACP). The AST/AL T coefficient was purposefully increased in stages 2,3 and 4, 1 week and, especially, 2 weeks after calcitonin (CT) injections versus the CT-free experiments, which ensured an intensive synthesis of the protein matrix needed for the initiation of mineralization. After 4 weeks, when the matrix took shape, the coefficient dropped to the control value. After the same time span, when the process of apatites' emergence was especially active, the ALP/ACP coefficient, primarily after CT-injections, went sharply up in stages 2,3 and 4. This can be explained by that the bone remodeling with ALP prevailed over the bone resorption with CT.

The osteo-integrative properties of implants made of "pure" polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) without content of hydroxyapatite (GAP) are virtually null and became pronounced only after the latter was added to the composite. A study of PMMA-GAP composites, which distinguished through a specific-duration impact of supercritical carbon dioxide (SCD) produced on the composites, revealed an essential intensification of integration processes yet after a 15-minute exposure. An extended SCD treatment up to 30 or 60 minutes intensified the integration of the implant with the osseous tissue mainly due to a bigger quantity of pores and of their sizes in the implant-material surface.

The share and severity of combined craniofacial injuries have been recently on the rise. Damages of the orbit and its contents, of the medial facial zone and paranasal sinuses as well as of the maxilla and mandible are concurrently observed in patients with craniofacial trauma (CFT). A lack of a clear-cut diagnostic and therapeutic scheme results in that the needed surgical interventions in the facial skeleton are either postponed or are not performed at all. The axial-spiral computer tomography, which provides for verifying all inflicted injuries and for choosing an optimal surgical technique, is a method of choice in the X-ray examination of CFT patients. The below principles are applied in the surgical treatment of facial-skeleton damages: a sufficiently large subperiosteal uncovering of the injury zone; the anatomically correct repositioning of osseous fragments and their stable internal fixation by titanic fixation elements; and primary osseous autografting in an irreversible loss of soft tissues entailing defects. The medical management of CFT patients requires a multi-field approach. The optimal cosmetic and functional results are ensured by primary reconstructive surgical procedure made at exacerbation simultaneously with neurosurgical interventions or by the second surgical treatment stage undertaken soon after trauma when the general patient's conditioned is stable.

The efficiency of applying various Russian antiseptic pastes in the endodontic treatment of destructive chronic periodontitis was comparatively analyzed for 284 patients. The highest efficiency was established for the Tiedent Russian filling material designed for root teeth. The mentioned antiseptic reduces 3.8-fold the number of early complications and contributes to a complete or partial recovery of the destruction-foci osseous tissue in 88.6% of cases during the remote period.