No 6 (2003)

The fixed-bridge work, supported by implants or a removable denture with implants has become a realistic proposition in modern dentistry. A leading system of intraosseous implants, that were developed by the International Team of Implantology (ITI) - a scientific institution of researchers who are interested in the discussed field, is described in the paper, including a presentation of the main requirement for a successful treatment. Osseointegration, that is the mam prerequisite for a long-lasting functioning of intraosseous implants, is in the focus of attention. The harmonized parts of the system are described and a variety of indications for different situations are outlined.

The tooth implantation has, in the recent two decades, passed all the way from a treatment method acknowledged just by few to the generally accepted method of treatment of patients with different-type adentia. The latter enhances the functional efficiency of both removable and fixed dentures. The aim of the case study was to design the bearing element made of biologically compatible polymers with an elasticity module, which would be close to the osseous one and around which an own osseous regenerate would easily shape after implantation with a subsequent gradual growth-in of the osseous tissue into the bearing-element implanted region. Six experiments were made with dogs aged 4 to 8. On the basis of such experiments, a construction of an intraosseous tooth implant was designed and surgical recommendations for inserting it into the jaw osseous tissue were elaborated. We made 40 clinical mandibular implantations in patients with adentia. The patients were shared between two groups: the designed-by-us implants were used in the main group of 20 patients (Patent No. 2147214 "The implanted bearing element for the artificial tooth fixation", 2000); the other 20 patients were controls who underwent a routine intraosseous implantation with standard denture designed by the Russian Research Institute of Medical Technology. The positive results of surgical procedures and of examinations made in the early and remote periods confirm that the designed polymer implant is a promising one and can be recommended to enhance the safety and efficiency of treatment results.

The author describes Ms own experience of treatments of 1500 face injury cases during a 4-year stay in Afghanistan He objects to the primary sparing surgical treatment of the wound since, as he believes, it is the cause of multiple complications. The surgeon worked out and applied successfully a radical primary surgical treatment of the facial wound that cut several-fold the number of complications and brought back more soldiers to the frontline. Finally, the researcher constructed a compression-and-distraction device for the mandibula in order to do away with its gunshot defects - 5 variations of osteoplasty are suggested by him.

The method ofpolarography was made use of to study the changed volumetric blood flow in 25 subjects with internal disorders of the mandibular joint (IDMJ) and in 10 healthy controls. The results showed a reduced volumetric blood flow in IDMJ patients; they are indicative of a relationship between the IDMJ structures and the surrounding tissues, e.g. the parotid gland.