Analysis of dental biometric methods within the framework of dental human identification (literature review)

The article presents an overview of scientific methods for studying the morphology of hard tooth tissues in order to improve the effectiveness of dental human identification. It is known that the initial information when identifying a human or his remains is often information obtained during examination of a corpse or during a fragmentary autopsy procedure. As a result, an important expert task of analysis is the determination of individual morphological, anatomical, osteological and other signs of personal human conformity. To resolve the issue of identity confirmation, complexes of various anthropometric signs as well as characteristic features of human appearance are studied. In this regard, attempts to find innovative means and methods for optimizing investigative identification within the framework of forensic medical examinations continue. Thus, by differentiating and integrating similar study methods and techniques, the specialists came to the conclusion about the exceptional uniqueness and extreme stability of human hard tooth tissues. It should be noted that the assignment of an exclusive personal identification status to a dental organ became possible thanks to the development of modern automation and biometric methods, as well as the widespread introduction of the digitalization process in the healthcare sector. By studying the unique microarchitecture of tooth enamel, the experts have concluded that its "morphological landscape" is extremely informative and unique. In turn, the fact of the complexity of the histological structure and species-specificity of the composition of the enamel covering of teeth is confirmed by a number of traditional and computer study methods. This information is scientific evidence of the possibility of effective practical application of dental identification in forensic investigations. Thus, a set of innovative tactical and technical techniques in combination with a fundamental interdisciplinary scientific approach contributed to the formation of a specialized dental section of identification forensics.