Physical and Mechanical Properties of Butt Welded Joints of Aluminum Alloys

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Abstract

Along with the improvement of joining technologies with argon arc, plasma and laser welding for aluminum alloy elements, high efficiency of joints made with the use of friction stir welding (FSW), which has low energy consumption and is almost equally strong as base metal, has been achieved. However, the processes of friction stir welding have not been sufficiently studied and can lead to softening of aluminum alloy welds up to 0.65 of base metal strength. When studying the effect of friction stir welding and mechanized electric arc welding in argon medium, welded joints of aluminum alloys of Al-Si-Mg (AD35T1, 6082-T6) and Al-Zn-Mg alloying systems (1915T) were subjected to tensile and impact tests. The values of strength, elastic and plastic characteristics of argon arc welded specimens of 1915T, AD35T1 and 6082-T6 alloys were obtained. For alloy 6082-T6, the same characteristics are presented for FSW welded specimens. Decrease in strength and ductility in the zones of welded joints for both welding methods is observed. At the same time, the highest relative values of strength and offset yield strength of the welded joint are fixed for friction stir welding. Slight decrease in modulus of elasticity obtained for argon-arc welded specimens was recorded. The impact strength is constant for each welded joint zones in the temperature range of +20 – -60оC and increased in weld metal of FSW butt joints of alloy 6082-T6.

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About the authors

A. N. Shuvalov

National Research Moscow State University of Civil Engineering

Author for correspondence.
Email: Ashuvalov@mgsu.ru

Candidate of Sciences (Engineering) 

Russian Federation, Moscow

O. A. Kornev

National Research Moscow State University of Civil Engineering

Email: KornevOA@mgsu.ru

Engineer

Russian Federation, Moscow

V. A. Ermakov

National Research Moscow State University of Civil Engineering (26, Yaroslavskoe Highway

Email: Ermakov@mgsu.ru

Candidate of Sciences (Engineering) 

Russian Federation, Moscow

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Supplementary files

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2. Fig. 1. Specimen for tensile testing with strain localization in weld metal (R=12 mm)

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3. Fig. 2. Specimens for impact test of welded joint made with argon-arc welding. Notch disposition: 1 – WM; 2 – FL; 3 – HAZ (heat affected zone); 4 – base metal

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4. Fig. 3. Specimens for impact test of welded joint made with friction stir welding. Notch disposition: 1 – base metal; 2 – HAZ; 3 – TMAZ (thermo-mechanically affected zone); 4 – stirred zone (nugget)

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5. Fig. 4. Deformation diagram of the base metal and the weld metal of aluminum alloy 1915T

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6. Fig. 5. Deformation diagram of the base metal and the weld metal of aluminum alloy AD35T1

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7. Fig. 6. Deformation diagram of the base metal and the weld metal of aluminum alloy 6082-T6

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8. Fig. 7. Macrostructure and porosity of argon-arc welded joints: a – top of the weld section; b – fusion line and HAZ

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9. Fig. 8. Impact strength distribution (KCV, KCU) for weld zones: a, b – at +20°С test temperature; c, d – at -60°С test temperature

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10. Fig. 9. Macrostructure of FSW butt weld: a – onion ring structure along the weld thickness; b – plexus of fibers on the weld fracture surface

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11. Fig. 10. Defects in FSW welded joints: a – tool marks on the front surface of the weld; b – relief line along the “weld-base metal” connection zone; c – butt line in the double-sided weld; d – extrusion of metal and oxides into the root of the weld

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