Does the tortoiseshell butterfly, Aglais urticaE (lepidoptera, nymphalidae) shiift to synanthropy in Northeast Asia?

Мұқаба

Дәйексөз келтіру

Толық мәтін

Ашық рұқсат Ашық рұқсат
Рұқсат жабық Рұқсат берілді
Рұқсат жабық Тек жазылушылар үшін

Аннотация

An assumed shift of the tortoiseshell butterfly, Aglais urticae to synanthropy in extremely cold regions (with temperatures close to –60оC) is tested. The tortoiseshell butterfly overwinters at the stage of imago; their cold resistance being fundamentally insufficient for surviving the cold across most of their distribution range in natural shelters located above the snow level and in unheated buildings. The species' resistance to cold from England to northeast Russia is increased from –22 to –29оC, while the average minimum air temperature in January drops from 3.3 to –55.7оC. The objective of the present work was to find out whether well-built, but unheated houses (the village of Seimchan) provide winter indoor temperatures above –30оC, a threshold for the tortoiseshell butterfly. Winter temperatures were measured with loggers in two different houses and compared with the outside temperature obtained from weather station data. During a severe cold weather, it was 11–19оC warmer inside the houses than outside, but the minimum temperatures below –30оC were recorded over half of the winter, and below –35оC over almost its third. Thus, winter (unhea- ted) houses, as well as demi-seasonal ones, and natural shelters such as cracks under the bark, hollows and other cavities located above the snow cover fail to provide the required temperatures. Unheated well-built houses guarantee successful hibernation for the tortoiseshell butterfly only in the milder climatic conditions of western Siberia and in the northeast of the European part of Russia. Wintering above the snow level in primitive shelters can only be possible within the temperature range of –31...–20оC and west of it. The results of the work prove the idea of tortoiseshell butterfly synanthropy to be unsubstantiated and return to the idea of its wintering under the snow cover in shelters such as cavities in litter, under fallen trees, etc. This type of wintering guarantees success, being independent from the climate of northern Eurasia.

Толық мәтін

Рұқсат жабық

Авторлар туралы

D. Berman

Institute for Biological Problems of the North, Far East Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences

Хат алмасуға жауапты Автор.
Email: dberman@mail.ru
Ресей, Magadan, 685000

Әдебиет тізімі

  1. Агроклиматический атлас мира, 1972. Ред. И.А. Гольц- берг. М.: ГУГК; Л.: Гидрометеоиздат. 146 с.
  2. Научно-прикладной справочник по климату СССР, 1990. Л.: Гидрометеоиздат. Сер. 3. Вып. 33. Ч. 1–6. 566 с.
  3. Паньков Н.Н., Старова О.С., 2013. Беспозвоночные пещер Пермского края // Пещеры: сб. науч. трудов. Естественнонауч. ин-т Перм. гос. нац. иссл. ун-та. Пермь. Вып. 36. С. 103–111.
  4. Справочник по климату СССР, 1966. Вып. 33. Ч. II. Л.: Гидрометеоиздат. 288 с.
  5. Справочник по климату СССР, 1968. Вып. 33. Ч. IV. Л.: Гидрометеоиздат. 258 с.
  6. Bale J.S., Hayward S.A.L., 2010. Insect overwintering in a changing climate // Journal of Experimental Biology. V. 213. № 6. P. 980–994.
  7. Bird J.M., Hodkinson I.D., 1999. Species at the edge of their range: The significance of the thermal environment for the distribution of congeneric Craspedolepta species (Sternorrhncha: Psylloidea) living on Chamerion angustifolium (Onagraceae) // European Journal of Entomology. V. 96. P. 103–109.
  8. Dvorak L., Belicek J., Fric Z., 2009. Observations of overwintering nymphalid butterflies in underground shelters in SW and W Bohemia (Czech Republic) (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae: Nymphalini) // Journal of Research on the Lepidoptera. V. 41. P. 45–52.
  9. Kalushkov P., Nedved O., 2000. Cold hardiness of Pyrrho- coris apterus (Heteroptera: Pyrrhocoridae) from central and southern Europe // European Journal of Entomology. V. 97. P. 149–153.
  10. Lewington R., 2016. Pocket Guide to the Butterflies of Great Britain and Ireland; Bloomsbury Publishing: Oxford, UK. 144 p.
  11. Meshcheryakova E.N., Berman D.I., 2014. Cold hardiness and geographic distribution of earthworms (Oligochaeta, Lumbricidae, Moniligastridae) // Entomological Review. V. 94. P. 486–497.
  12. Meshcheryakova E.N., Bulakhova N.A., 2014. Cold resistance of three species of earthworms (Oligohaeta, Lumbricidae) inWestern Siberia // International Journal of Environmental Studies. V. 71. № 5. P. 749–754.
  13. Meshcheryakova E.N., Bulakhova N.A., Zhigulskaya Z.A., Shekhovtsov S.V., Berman D.I., 2023. Wintering and Cold Hardiness of the Small Tortoiseshell Aglais urticae (Linnaeus, 1758) (Nymphalidae, Lepidoptera) in the West and East of the Northern Palearctic // Diversity. V. 15. № 1. 72. P. 1–14.
  14. Poulton E., 1936. Aglais urticae L. with symmetrical injuries possibly inflicted before hibernation, flying in house, 30 march, 1936, St. Helens, isle of wight // In Proceedings of the Royal Entomological Society of London. Series A, General Entomology; Blackwell Publishing Ltd.: Oxford, UK. V. 11. P. 98.
  15. Rasmussen L.M., Holmstrup M., 2002. Geographic variation of freeze-tolerance in the earthworm Dendrobaena octaedra // Journal of Comparative Physiology B. V. 172. P. 691–698.
  16. Ring R.A., Tesar D., 1981. Adaptations to cold in Canadian arctic insects // Cryobiology. V. 18. № 1. P. 199–211.
  17. Strouhal H., Vornatscher J., 1975. Katalog der rezenten Höhlentiere Österreichs // Annalen des Na- turhistorischen Museums in Wien. V. 79. P. 401– 542.
  18. Wiklund C., Vallin A., Friberg M., Jakobsson S., 2008. Rodent predation on hibernating peacock and small tortoiseshell butterflies // Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology. V. 62. P. 379–389.

Қосымша файлдар

Қосымша файлдар
Әрекет
1. JATS XML
Жүктеу
2. Fig. 1. Location of the Kolymskaya weather station and the village of Seimchan, where temperature regimes in buildings were recorded.

Жүктеу (511KB)
Метадеректер
3. Fig. 2. Temperature “corridors" described by daily minima and maxima in two houses.

Жүктеу (72KB)
Метадеректер
4. Fig. 3. Temperature “corridors” described by daily minima and maxima of air temperatures at the weather station (blue fill) and in the house (red fill).

Жүктеу (111KB)
Метадеректер
5. Figure 4. The ratio of minimum air temperatures inside the house and outside: synchronous (a) and with a shift in air temperatures inside a day ago (b). Solid lines are a regression equation of the form: a – T min in the house = 0.48 T min outside – 11.27 (R2 = 0.51, SE = 4.1 oS, N = 93); b – T min in the house = 0.59 T min outside – 7.02 (R2 = 0.77, SE = 2.8 oS, N = 93).

Жүктеу (136KB)
Метадеректер
6. Fig. 5. The average of the absolute minima of air temperature (according to: Agro-climatic Atlas..., 1972) and the estimated temperature limits (red lines) in which the places of successful wintering of urticaria are different. Wintering to the east of the dotted line – only under snow; to the west of it to the solid red line – under snow or in winter unheated houses; to the west of the solid red line – both previous options and above the snow cover.

Жүктеу (435KB)
Метадеректер

© Russian Academy of Sciences, 2024