Necessary orthodontic treatment assessment of orphans

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Abstract

BACKGROUND: The orthodontic treatment leads not only to functional normalization of the stomatognathic system but also to smile aesthetic changes, which helps to increase a person’s self-esteem. Moreover, the level of neuropsychicological development revealed that approximately 6% of orphans are included in the group of healthy people following the coefficient of mental development, and 94% of pupils of the orphanage with sensory, motor, emotional, behavioral, and cognitive sphere retardation are in the risk and pathology group.

AIM: This study aimed to assess the psychological status of children without parental care, based on the “Picture of a Person” test.

MATERIAL AND METHODS: This study included 44 children from the orphanage aged 7–17 years to assess their psychological status using the “Picture of a Person” test.

RESULTS: Difficult life circumstances lead to developmental peculiarities in children. However, the desire for social communication remains, the aesthetics of appearance are valued, and the desire to impress increases. This indicates the need to work not only on the psychological state of children without parental care but also to educate them on the right attitude toward health and beauty, to create opportunities for self-improvement with the help of various specialists (dentists, orthodontists, dermatologists, etc.), which will help increase self-esteem.

CONCLUSION: The study demonstrates the need for children without parental care in social communication. Great importance is attached to the aesthetics of the face and teeth. Dentists can contribute to the successful adaptation of orphaned children in society, paying attention to the treatment not only to the health of the dental system but also to the beauty of a smile. Orthodontic treatment can help in educating orphans with the qualities necessary for their socialization.

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About the authors

Siyasat K. Akhmedova

A.I. Evdokimov Moscow State University of Medicine and Dentistry

Author for correspondence.
Email: siyasat.akhmedova@gmail.com
Russian Federation, Moscow

Anna B. Slabkovskaya

A.I. Evdokimov Moscow State University of Medicine and Dentistry

Email: slabkovskaya.ann@mail.ru

MD, Dr. Sci. (Med.), Professor

Russian Federation, Moscow

Radzhab R. Magomedov

A.I. Evdokimov Moscow State University of Medicine and Dentistry

Email: dr.radzhab.magomedov@gmail.com
Russian Federation, Moscow

Natalya V. Morozova

A.I. Evdokimov Moscow State University of Medicine and Dentistry

Email: nmorozka72@mail.ru

MD, Cand. Sci. (Med.)

Russian Federation, Moscow

Nadezhda V. Terekhina

Family Unit Center at the Marfo-Mariinsky Monastery of Mercy

Email: n.tere73@yandex.ru
Russian Federation, Moscow

Liya A. Drobysheva

A.I. Evdokimov Moscow State University of Medicine and Dentistry

Email: liyaliya989898@gmail.com
Russian Federation, Moscow

References

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  2. Konova SR. Sostoyanie zdorov’ya detei i sovershenstvovanie meditsinskoi pomoshchi v usloviyakh pervichnogo zvena zdravookhraneniya [dissertation]. Moscow; 2007. (In Russ).
  3. Al’bitskii VY, Baranov AA, Kamaev IA, Rezaikin VI. Chasto boleyushchie deti aktual’naya problema sotsial’noi pediatrii. In: Sotsial’nye i organizatsionnye problemy pediatrii. Moscow: Dinastiya, 2003. P:233–252. (In Russ).
  4. Berezovskii IV. Sotsial’no-gigienicheskaya kharakteristika detei, vospityvayushchikhsya v detskikh domakh. Zdravookhranenie Rossiiskoi Federatsii. 1994;(2):23–25. (In Russ).
  5. Leshchenko MV, Tonkova-Yampol’skaya RV, Frukht EL. Sostoyanie zdorov’ya i razvitiya vospitannikov domov rebenka. Russian pediatric journal. 2000;(1):48–49. (In Russ).
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  7. Bondar’ VI. Osnovnye tendentsii meditsinskoi reabilitatsii v domakh rebenka. Meditsinskaya pomoshch’. 1996;(5):18–20. (In Russ).
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  10. Venger AL. Psikhologicheskie risunochnye testy: Illyustrirovannoe rukovodstvo. Moscow: Vlados-Press, 2003. (In Russ).

Supplementary files

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2. Fig. 1. Experimentation

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3. Fig. 2. Drawing of a 13-year-old boy

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4. Fig. 3. Quantitative characteristics of the qualities of “fear–anxiety–aggression” of the surveyed group

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5. Fig. 4. Drawing of an 11-year-old child. Severe depression, apathy, feeling of loneliness. The need for support, attention. Suppressed grief. Fear of communication and self-presentation. Orientation to the model, norms, while denying one’s uniqueness. Weak ability and desire for full contact. Weak support in life

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6. Fig. 5. Quantitative characteristics of the qualities of “social communication” of the surveyed group

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7. Fig. 6. Drawing of a 9-year-old child. Developmental delay (mental retardation). There is no part of the head, a schematic representation of the body (approximately at the level of the drawing of a child of 4 years). The absence of a forehead indicates that the child is consciously ignoring the mental realm. Open eyes with pupils — anxiety, aggression. Open mouth with teeth — aggression. Passion for the image of the chin (circled, highlighted) can be regarded as compensation for weakness, indecision, fear of responsibility. This can mean a desire for superiority and gaining significance in the eyes of others. A piercing gaze is an expression of aggressiveness. The eyes are large, with traced pupils — a symbol of fear or anxiety. The displacement of the mouth and its disproportionate size is a sign of dependence, lack of independence. “Heart” on the chest — severe mental disability, gross organic disorders. The small size of the figure can indicate depression and a sense of inadequacy. The feeling of oppression, depression is often reflected in the location of the figure at the bottom of the sheet

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8. Fig. 7. Drawing of a 16-year-old boy. The desire to impress others, increased attention to their appearance. At the same time, the desire to close oneself from contacts, to scare away from oneself. Duality, difficulties in contact of the head with the body (intellectual and physical spheres) — a long disproportionate neck. High anxiety, fear. Some aggressive behavior. Instability, a weak sense of reliance on reality, curvature of the body

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9. Fig. 8. Drawing of a 13-year-old boy. Severe mental retardation. Increased attention to social contacts, the desire to please others. The importance of appearance. At the same time, signs of depression. Apathy, a pronounced feeling of loneliness

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10. Fig. 9. Drawing of a 14-year-old boy. Some mental retardation. The desire to impress, to seem “cool”. A great need for communication and friendship, while fears to prove themselves, isolation. Some internal “splitness”, there is no good contact between the mental and physical spheres. High anxiety, alertness in contacts. At the same time, there is a feeling of support, stability

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11. Fig. 10. Prevalence of qualities of children depending on age

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