Experimental histomorphological substantiation of the effectiveness of the combined use of multipotent stem cells and an osteogenesis stimulator in periodontitis

BACKGROUND: Periodontal disease treatment should be as comprehensive and individualized as possible, which determines the feasibility of conducting experimental clinical studies to find methods aimed at activating recovery processes in periodontal tissues and increasing the effectiveness of patients with chronic periodontitis.

OBJECTIVE: To develop a method for treating chronic periodontitis using multipotent mesenchymal stem cells (MMSCs) from human tooth pulp and an osteogenesis-stimulating drug.

MATERIALS AND METHODS: MMSCs were isolated from the pulp of a removed retinated human tooth. Experimental modeling of bone tissue destruction in periodontal disease was performed on the upper jaw in the second molar area and the lower jaw incisors of 50 sexually mature Wistar rats. The MMSCs were combined with an osteogenesis stimulant drug. The combination was injected into the bone (periodontal) pockets of rats. A “Septopak” protective bandage was used to fix the mass. The procedure was repeated every 5 days for 15 days. The course of treatment included three procedures with an interval of 5 days. The rats were monitored after the course of treatment for a period ranging from 5 days to 12 months.

RESULTS: The therapeutic efficacy of using the method of treatment of destructive changes in the alveolar bone in periodontitis, the possibility of complete restoration of the dentoalveolar papillae, and regeneration of periodontal tissues in the area of experimental destruction of bone tissue in periodontitis during the first 35 days was determined. During treatment with mesenchymal stem cells and an osteogenesis stimulator, there were no signs of inflammation (bleeding, pathological mobility of teeth, and gum discharge during palpation).

CONCLUSION: When the nature of clinical and histomorphological changes in the tissues of a pathologically altered periodontal was studied in an experiment with the use of mesenchymal stem cells in the treatment of periodontal bone destruction, it was found that a decrease in the intensity and prevalence of gingival inflammation begins on the 11th day. After introducing the resultant mixture of MMSCs and osteogenesis stimulator into the periodontal pockets of rats on the 30th day, there were no signs of inflammation in the animals.