On the issue of the manufacture of ceramic structures in orthopedic dentistry

The article presents a review of ceramic materials used in modern orthopedic dentistry. Currently, the main types of orthopedic structures containing dental porcelain are metal-ceramic, metal-free ceramic crowns, as well as prostheses made using pressed ceramic technology, in particular veneers. All types of prostheses produced using dental porcelain have a common manufacturing technology, which consists in the sequential application of ceramic layers with their subsequent firing. Moreover, for each group of teeth, there are additional masses for firing, for example, masses of the cutting edge, masses simulating various effects (for example, blue, yellow and other shades, imitation of tooth growth lines). These masses are created in order to give future crowns the most natural and aesthetic appearance. All structural components (layers) of ceramics used in the manufacture of ceramic prostheses have a similar chemical composition. The raw material is feldspar glass with inclusions of crystalline quartz. Depending on the conditions of the reactions, the composition of mixtures can be varied and compounds with desired properties can be obtained using the phase analysis method, which will expand the range of domestic ceramic materials produced, which are currently quite scarce. This is especially relevant in modern conditions of import substitution.