An experimental study using known variants of transport immobilization and comparing them with the original temporary splint for the treatment of jaw fractures

Academician I.P. Pavlov Ryazan state medical University of the Ministry of health of the Russian Federation, 390026, Ryazan, Russian Federation

Patients with injuries of the maxillofacial region make up about 30% of all patients treated in the in-patient departments of maxillofacial surgery. Meanwhile, fractures of the lower jaw account for about 70%—85% of all fractures of the bones of the face. The need for immobilization is due to the risk of pain and complications (bleeding, microbial contamination, asphyxiation, damage to nerves and blood vessels). The article provides a comparative analysis between temporary immobilization of the jaws using well-known designs and a new universal temporary bus with a channel. We conducted the experiment under simulated conditions using the following splinting structures: a smooth splint bar and a patented temporary splint with a channel for treating jaw fractures (Application No. 2020103350/14 (005106) (22) Application submission date 27.01.2020). From the experimental research complex, it was possible to verify that the methods of temporary splinting of the jaws have their own characteristics of superposition and displacement of structures. It is worth noting that the displacement of jaw fragments occurred in each splinting and this should definitely be taken into account at the stage of first aid. The study also revealed that that the splinting technique for the splint has a number of disadvantages, the most significant of which are the negative impact on periodontal disease, a significant decrease in oral hygiene, and the possibility of secondary infection. Among the obvious advantages of a universal temporary bus with a channel, include the simplicity of applying and fixing fragments, the ability to supply the patient, receive fluids and drugs through the probe, as well as ensuring full breathing in the absence of nasal breathing.