Retrospective analysis and clinical features of periapical tissue regeneration

Background: Chronic periodontitis is associated with changes in periapical tissues. Untimely diagnosis and lack of appropriate mechanical treatment increase the incidence of chronic periodontitis. Periodontitis that causes destructive changes due to long-term inflammation of periapical tissues is of particular concern. Thus, the treatment of destructive periodontal diseases is a pressing issue in modern dentistry.

Aim: To assess periapical tissue regeneration following treatment in chronic periodontitis patients.

Materials and Methods: A retrospective analysis of the destruction and regeneration of periapical tissues before and after treatment during 3–6 months was performed in 20 patients.

Results: A retrospective analysis of X-ray findings in 20 patients revealed bone destruction of varying degrees. Low-quality root canal preparation was due to various factors, primarily the anatomy and topography of root canals. Of the 20 patients who required treatment for chronic periodontitis with varying degrees of destruction, 16 came back for follow-up appointments and received endodontic treatment. Following treatment, X-ray findings were used to identify taper root canal preparation and assess the quality of obturation up to the root apex. X-ray examination was performed after 3 months in patients with clinical signs of periodontitis and after 6 months in patients without clinical signs of periodontitis. After 3 months, X-ray findings showed a reduction in bone destruction in the causative tooth area, indicating an improvement.

Conclusion: The study of periapical tissue regeneration following treatment in chronic periodontitis patients revealed that effective apical preparation, as well as appropriate irrigation and root canal filling, promote regeneration in periodontitis. Healing of periapical tissues is essential for effective root canal treatment.