Experimental in vitro study of the adhesive strength of universal adhesives for orthodontic bracket fixation

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Abstract

Background: An optimal adhesive system must ensure quick and easy application while also demonstrating adequate adhesive strength that does not change over time. The development of adhesive systems continues, and each currently available adhesive system has advantages and disadvantages. During orthodontic treatment, practitioners must not only address malocclusion and minimize damage to intact tooth tissues, but also prevent dental caries. Despite ongoing advancements in adhesive systems, there are no studies that confirm the long-term durability of 8th generation systems containing the 3D-SR monomer.

Aim: To assess the adhesive strength of metal braces when using the Tokuyama Universal Bond II adhesive system (Tokuyama Dental, Japan) in a laboratory setting before and after thermal cycling with and without the SHIELD FORCE PLUS sealant (Tokuyama Dental, Japan).

Methods: The study included 60 intact extracted teeth without signs of dental caries and extensive restorations. There were four groups of samples. Group 1 included 15 samples with metal braces placed without a sealant and thermal cycling; Group 2 included 15 samples with metal braces placed without a sealant, with thermal cycling; Group 3 included 15 samples with metal braces placed with a sealant, without thermal cycling; and Group 4 included 15 samples with metal braces placed with a sealant and thermal cycling.

Results: Thermal cycling decreased shear adhesive strength: in samples with brackets placed without the SHIELD FORCE PLUS sealant, the adhesive strength before thermal cycling was higher (4.10±0.96 MPa) than after thermal cycling (3.44±1.03 MPa). The SHIELD FORCE PLUS sealant significantly increased shear adhesive strength: in samples with brackets placed with the sealant, the adhesive strength in the group without thermal cycling was higher than in the group after thermal cycling (3.71±0.61 MPa and 2.58±0.76 MPa, respectively; p=0.0005).

Conclusion: The statistical analysis revealed no significant differences (p >0.05) in the adhesive strength of braces placed with and without the sealant. Thermal cycling significantly (p ≤0.05) reduces the adhesive strength of braces placed with and without the sealant. The sealant does not reduce the adhesive strength of braces; thus, they can be used to prevent dental caries, decrease tooth sensitivity, and improve the mineral composition of tooth tissues.

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About the authors

Ameera S. M. Nemer

Peoples’ Friendship University of Russia

Author for correspondence.
Email: dr.ameera.nemer@gmail.com
ORCID iD: 0000-0002-7034-0831
Russian Federation, Moscow

Svetlana N. Razumova

Peoples’ Friendship University of Russia

Email: razumova-sn@rudn.ru
ORCID iD: 0000-0002-9533-9204
SPIN-code: 6771-8507

MD, Dr. Sci. (Medicine), Professor

Russian Federation, Moscow

Angela S. Brago

Peoples’ Friendship University of Russia

Email: anzhela_bogdan@mail.ru
ORCID iD: 0000-0001-8947-4357
SPIN-code: 2437-8867

MD, Cand. Sci. (Medicine), Associate Professor

Russian Federation, Moscow

Oksana A. Artemova

Peoples’ Friendship University of Russia

Email: artemova-oa@rudn.ru
ORCID iD: 0000-0003-1353-2957
SPIN-code: 2779-9801

MD, Cand. Sci. (Medicine)

Russian Federation, Moscow

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Supplementary files

Supplementary Files
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1. JATS XML
2. Fig. 1. Samples of metal bracket systems prepared for research.

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3. Fig. 2. Thermocycling test apparatus (Sabri Dental Enterprise, USA).

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4. Fig. 3. The universal testing machine SYNTHEZ 5 (Recherches & Realisations REMY SAS (3R), France).

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5. Fig. 4. Fracture along the contact boundary of the fixing bracket material and tooth enamel.

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6. Fig. 5. Destruction of a tooth sample along the enamel–dentin boundary.

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