Frenula of tongue and lips: are there or not?

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Abstract

BACKGROUND: The absence, hypoplasia, or hyperplasia of the frenula of the lips and tongue is suggested as a sign of some diseases. This study assessed the presence of frenula among patients with orthodontic concerns.

AIM: This study aimed to analyze the prevalence of the absence of the frenulum of the tongue and lips to determine the possibility of using the absence of frenula as a diagnostic criterion for other pathologies.

MATERIALS AND METHODS: A retrospective analysis photographs of 391 patients was performed.

RESULTS: In total, 100% of the patients have a maxillary frenulum. The inferior labial frenulum was absent in 67.02% of the patients, and 252 patients (95% CI 62.27–71.77%) had multiple strands of the mucosal membrane. Hypoplastic mandibular frenulum was found in 109 (28.99%) patients (95% CI 24.4–33.58%). Absence of lingual frenulum was noted in 6 (1.68%) patients (95% CI 0.35–3.01%) and hypoplasia in 33 (9.24%) (95% CI 6.24–12.24%).

CONCLUSIONS: The absence of inferior labial and lingual frenulum cannot be a diagnostic criterion for other pathologies without specifying the method of displacement of the lower lip.

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About the authors

Olga V. Aleksandrova

Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University)

Author for correspondence.
Email: aleksandrovastom@yandex.ru
ORCID iD: 0000-0002-0160-1698
Russian Federation, Moscow

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Supplementary files

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2. Fig. 1. The frenulum of the tongue of the same patient with a different position of the tongue.

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3. Fig. 2. Absence of a frenulum of the lower lip when applying a cheek retractor.

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4. Fig. 3. The frenulum of the tongue extending to the sublingual folds, with the submucosal component extending to the alveolar part.

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