Vol 27, No 3 (2023)

BACKGROUND: Long-term results of orthopedic rehabilitation of patients with partial and total tooth loss using implants revealed a considerable number of failures and complications. Periodontopathogenic microfloral activity resulting from poor oral hygiene is the most studied cause of implant removals and development of periimplant chronic inflammation. To a much lesser extent, biomechanical risk factors influence the effectiveness of prosthetics on implants. In particular, information on adverse biomechanical factors in individuals with dental implants is insufficient.

AIM: To analyze the frequency of detection of unfavorable biomechanical conditions for the functioning of prostheses on implants.

MATERIALS AND METHODS: Based on the results of clinical and X-ray examination of 417 patients with 1,222 intraosseous implants, who have completed fixed prosthetics for partial absence of teeth 10 years ago, the biomechanical conditions for the functioning of implants were evaluated. The density and volume of the bone tissue, previous bone grafting, cortical bone thickness, implant length and diameter, characteristics of the junction with the abutment, position of the implant relative to the alveolar ridge, ratio of the implants and prosthetic units in fixed prostheses, presence of occlusive supracontacts on implants, degree of replacement of dentition defects, presence of approximal contacts, association with teeth, and load type were collected.

RESULTS: A thin cortical bone, as an inadequate biomechanical condition, was found in 65.7% of the implants, low bone density in 32.3%, and insufficient and uncompensated bone volume in 15.5%. Implant overload caused by the absence of approximal contacts with adjacent teeth or prostheses was detected in 60.3% of implants, occlusive supracontacts in 58.4%, installation of narrow and short implants 29.1% and 15.5%, respectively, and installation of implants with a slope in 33.1%. Incomplete replacement of the dentition defect and consequently increased functional load were found in 57.3% and 28.1% of implants, respectively, and an insufficient number of support implants were found in 21.5%. The combination of implants with teeth with bridge prosthesis was typical for 19.2%.

CONCLUSION: In modern implantology, inadequate biomechanical conditions influence the qualification of doctors, motivation of patients to the ideal volume of prosthetics on implants, andfunctioning of fixed prostheses on intraosseous implants.

BACKGROUND: The evaluation of the effectiveness of treatment of abfraction defects with respect to patients’ quality of life is relevant.

AIM: To analyze the results of the treatment of abfraction defects according to quality of life.

MATERIALS AND METHODS: A questionnaire survey of 158 people aged 30–49 years was conducted. Group 1 (n=34) received the modified adhesive protocol (glutaraldehyde and an adaptive layer of flowable composite) as muscle relaxant mouthguard; group 2 (n=36), modified adhesive protocol, not used a muscle relaxant mouthguard; group 3 (n=31), basic adhesive protocol as muscle relaxant kappa; group 4 (n=27), basic adhesive protocol, did not use a muscle relaxant mouthguard; and group 5 (n=30), patients with intact teeth. The quality of life was assessed before treatment and 6 months and 1 year after tooth restoration. The Oral Health Impact Profile-14 (OHIP-14) Quality of Life Questionnaire was used.

RESULTS: A good initial level of quality of life was found in 35.2% of patients with abfraction defects and a satisfactory one in 64.8%. The average quality-of-life score of groups 1–4 was 12.9 (95%, 12.4–13.3). “Physical pain,” with a score of2.73 (95%, 2.63–2.84), made the greatest contribution to the quality of life. Twelve months after treatment, groups 1–4 had a significant average decrease in OHIP-14 by 7.7%. The OHIP-14 score on the “physical pain” scale decreased in group 1 by 28.8%, group 2 by 25.2%, group 3 by 17.5%, and group 4 by 13.2%.

CONCLUSIONS: The clinical manifestations of the abfraction defects of teeth significantly affect the quality of life of patients, particularly on “physical pain” and “physical discomfort.” The best dynamics of the quality of life was registered in patients who received the modified adhesive protocol and a muscle relaxant mouthguard.

BACKGROUND: Maintaining the esthetic characteristics of direct composite restorations for a long time is relevant. The color stability of food colorants is an important esthetic characteristic of a composite material. Comparative information about the color stability of modern composite restorative materials and recommendations based on optimal clinical results for direct composite restoration are of interest.

AIM: To compare the color stability of modern composite restorative materials with the most common food colorants in laboratory conditions.

MATERIALS AND METHODS: The color stability of modern restorative materials, namely, Restavrin (Technodent, Russia), GrandioSO (VOCO, Germany), Harmonize (Kerr, USA), Charisma Classic (Kulzer, Germany), Filtek Z250 (3M, USA/Germany), and Estelite Asteria (Tokuyama, Japan), were assessed. Black coffee, black tea, carbonated soft drink cola, dry red wine, and cognac were used as coloring solutions. The samples were exposed for 14 days, and the temperature was 37 °C. The control solution was distilled water. Vita Easyshade Advance 4.0 spectrophotometer was used. The average deviation of the color of the studied samples from the reference indicators (∆E), total color stability of the studied materials (Σ ∆E_m), and “coloring potential” of different coloring solutions in relation to composite materials (Σ ∆E_c) were determined.

RESULTS: The deviation of the color of the studied samples of composite materials from the reference indicators (∆Е) depending on the coloring solution was assessed. The total color stability of the studied materials in relation to food colorants (Σ ∆E_m) as this characteristic deteriorates was as follows: Estelite Asteria, 8.64±0.08; Harmonize, 10.30±0.14; Restavrin, 12.30±0.12; GrandioSO, 12.96±0.10; Charisma Classic, 13.94±0.14; and Filtek Z250,15.82±0.15. The most aggressive food colorants with respect to composite restorative materials were black coffee (Σ ∆E_c=20.08±0.12), dry red wine (Σ ∆E_c=19.18±0.10), and black tea (Σ ∆E_c=18.54 ± 0.15).

CONCLUSION: Information about the color stability of composite materials in relation to food colorants allows planning the restoration of teeth located in an esthetically significant area, taking into account the eating habits of patients.

BACKGROUND: Autogenous material is currently one of the most common and effective materials used for bone grafting. In recent years, materials based on extracted teeth have attracted attention. When analyzing modern articles, all authors agree that before using autogenous dentinal material, it is necessary to carry out antiseptic treatment to prevent possible complications.

AIM: A comparison was made of various antiseptic agents for the treatment of autogenous dentinal blocks with subsequent osteoplastic operations in the pre-implantation period.

MATERIALS AND METHODS: At the Department of Maxillofacial and Plastic Surgery of the Moscow State University of Medicine and Dentistry named after A.I. Evdokimov, 43 teeth were removed for orthodontic indications, the teeth were processed mechanically and fragmented into 125 autogenous dentinal blocks. Then they were treated with antiseptic agents (0.01% Miramistin® solution, 95% ethyl alcohol solution, 0.05% and 2% chlorhexidine solution) for 15 min and were sent to the Department of Microbiology, Virology, Immunology of the Moscow State University of Medicine and Dentistry named after A.I. Evdokimov for the isolation of microbial cultures.

RESULTS: The use of antiseptic agents showed a significant reduction in microbial contamination compared with the control group, which did not undergo antiseptic treatment, which indicates the effectiveness of the treatment of extracted teeth before using it as an osteoplastic material for bone grafting.

CONCLUSION: Autogenous dentinal blocks must be processed before being used as an osteoplastic material.

This review aimed to assess the effect of orthodontic treatment on periodontium. Original articles, meta-analyses, and systematic reviews indexed in PubMed, Google Scholar, and Cochrane Library were analyzed. The search was carried out using the following keywords: “orthodontic treatment”, “periodontium”, “gingival condition associated with orthodontic treatment”, “impact of orthodontic treatment on the periodontium”, and “side effects of orthodontic treatment”. Studies published between 1972 and May 2023 were extracted. In this literature review, side effects of orthodontic treatment on the tissues surrounding the periodontium were identified. Gingivitis, gingival contour hypertrophy, and gingival recession were the most common soft tissue changes that occurred during orthodontic treatment. The frequency of adverse events was dependent not only on the level of oral hygiene but also on the anatomical features of the dentoalveolar system, and careful history taking and adherence to treatment regimen by an orthodontist were assessed. Before starting medical manipulations, risk factors to predict complications and determine the sequence and scope of planned interventions must be assessed.

At present, the significant contribution of the Military Medical Academy to the formation and development of dentistry in Russia is little known, and its staff played a major role in the treatment of patients with maxillofacial wounds and dental problems in wartime and peacetime. This study aimed to present the main prerequisites for the development and stages of the formation of the Russian military dentistry. The Russian literature on the history of medicine, dentistry, and maxillofacial surgery was examined to create periodization and identify the main prerequisites for the development of military dentistry in Imperial Russia. The formation of military dentistry and maxillofacial surgery in Russia was closely connected with the development of domestic dentistry and surgery. By the beginning of the XVIII century, various Russian professionals were acting as “dentists,” that is, from a learned doctor and surgeon to a barber and a fairground charlatan. During this historical period, Emperor Peter I, who can rightfully be called the first undiplomated dentist in Russia, made important contribution to the formation of Russia dentistry. The development of dental care in Russia has not always been parallel with that of general medicine because dentistry, from its inception, has combined not only therapeutic and preventive but also esthetic and commercial aspects. Based on archived materials, no information is available about the existence of military dentistry in Russia until the middle of the XVIII century.