Vol 25, No 2 (2021)

BACKGROUND: Porcelain veneers make up the particular section of prosthetic dentistry. Veneers are necessary for frontal teeth restorations.

AIM: To study the principles of dental preparation and the features of the formation of a natural anatomical contour on all-ceramic restorations.

MATERIAL AND METHODS: To achieve a high-quality result of prosthetics with all-ceramic fixed prostheses, it is necessary to take into account many important aesthetic criteria: the shape of the tooth, the inclination of the axes of the teeth, the interdental space and the level of interdental contacts, the gum biotype, its color, the position of the gingival margin, the zenith of the gingival contour; tooth color (shades); the level of the cutting edge of the incisors; the relief of the teeth surface; the smile line and the position of the lower lip.

To determine the color-optical characteristics of future prostheses, it is convenient to use the Vitapan 3-D Master Shade Guide color scale.

For the manufacture of facings, it is necessary to take into account that the preparation is carried out within the enamel layer, the facings are made only for vital teeth, as clinically possible, while preserving the natural boundaries of the tooth.

Prosthetics with ceramic prostheses is not recommended for dental dystopia (lingual, palatal position); significant loss of hard tooth tissues, their increased erasability, incomplete orthopedic treatment, deep bite, parafunctions of the masticatory muscles. Before manufacturing the facings, it is necessary to perform an X-ray examination of the teeth to be restored; assess the state of oral hygiene, determine the color of the future structure, replace all failed fillings, assess the condition of the interdental gap and the contact point.

RESULTS: It is necessary to preserve the vestibular relief of the tooth surface, the uniformity of the lining, Contact with the surface (cutting edge) of the antagonist tooth should not be placed on the surface or on the border of the lining, but only on the tooth tissues.

The advantage should be given to dissection by partial or complete palatal (lingual) overlap. The facings are fixed with the help of light polymerization composite materials, removing the excess with polishing boron.

CONCLUSION: If there are significant risks and the patient refuses orthodontic treatment, the creation of contact points on veneers is a complex clinical task. In addition, with the destruction of the crown part of more than 1/3, the use of veneers is risky due to the increase in the layer of ceramic cladding, there is a possibility of chipping of the lining and the risk of manifestation of pulpitis after preparation. Under such conditions, it is desirable to carry out depulpation of teeth, restoration with zirconium stump pin tabs and prosthetics with zirconium crowns with ceramic lining.

BACKGROUND: Currently, there is an increased interest of young people in fitness, strength sports, as well as a desire to be in excellent physical shape. However, the influence of amateur sports loads using large weights on the condition of the dental system of young people has been little studied.

AIM: The article analyzes the effectiveness of combined treatment, using an occlusive splint, of dental disorders in young people engaged in athletic gymnastics. The results of the study showed that the proposed method, which prevents the progressive auto-destruction of hard dental tissues in young men, improves the condition of periodontal tissues, primarily the gums, as well as the functional parameters of the temporomandibular joint dysfunction and masticatory muscles.

MATERIALS AND METHODS: All the examined patients were divided into two groups. The observation group included 62 young men who regularly engage in athletic gymnastics, of which 31 people used individual occlusal tires during training (patent No. 188470 of April 15, 2019) and 31 people who continued sports training without tires.

Research methods, tools used, equipment. In the course of the study, inspection, probing, and evaluation were performed according to the criteria of the KPU and KPUp indices, the Green-Vermillion hygiene Index (1964), and increased erasability was evaluated using the Smith-Knight index (1984), also used the enamel resistance test according to the method of V.R. Okushko, L.I. Kosareva, and I.K. Lutskaya (1984), the papillary-marginal alveolar indices in the Parma modification (1960) and the complex periodontal index according to P.A. Leus (1988), and the morpho-functional diagnosis of the temporomandibular joint using the Lira-100 device (NMBT Group, Russia).

Methods of research-surface electromyography on the Synapse device (Neurotech, Russia), odontometry (caliper ADA Mechanic 150, China).

RESULTS: The study showed that the activities of young men in gyms with large weights contribute to the development of a number of dental disorders.

СONCLUSION: The inclusion of an occlusive splint used by young people during sports activities in the complex of therapeutic and preventive measures contributes to the positive dynamics of the state of dental status.

BACKGROUND: The relevance of this study is that in many countries around the world, and in Russia in particular, the increasing trend toward an aging of population makes problems in dentistry urgent, among which the significant increase in the use of removable dentures is important. The probability of the complete or partial loss of their own teeth is increasing, therefore, the number of removable dentures and the problem of stabilization, adaptation and fixation arises. Factors such as the stabilization and fixation of removable dentures depend on certain anatomical conditions of the denture bed, but due to the lack of optimal conditions, especially in patients with a complete lack of teeth, the latter have to resort to additional means (adhesives) that are used to improve the fixation of removable dentures.

AIM: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the adhesive properties of the preparation for fixation during prosthetics with removable structures, depending on the area of the base adjacent to the prosthetic bed.

MATERIAL AND METHODS: Was used a device consisted of a laboratory tripod, a coil, a metal cylinder and a plastic disc are presented in the aricle. However, the bottom of a cylinder is lined with bioskin that simulates oral mucosa’ tissues. A dynamometer with an option to measure maximum results was used to measure the adhesion force. The adhesive properties of adhesive cream, containing carboxymethyl cellulose and Poly (methyl vinyl ether-alt-maleic acid) were evaluated in 3 stages. Adhesion was examined on a dry surface, on a surface moistened with distilled water, and on a surface moistened with artificial saliva. First, the adhesion value was determined immediately after application of the fixation cream and then after 2 minutes of exposure to the adhesive cream.

RESULTS: It was found that the contact area of the denture base and oral mucosa equal 55,6%, is the limit percentage of the nonconformity, that can be compensated by using Corega adhesive cream (GSK, UK) only with sufficient moisture content of the oral mucosa and a two-minute exposure of the denture adhesive.

CONCLUSIONS: The adhesion strength of the means for fixing removable prostheses increases after wetting the studied surfaces. It is established that the symmetry of non-congruent sections on the basis of the prosthesis can increase the adhesive stability of the entire removable structure.

BACKGROUND: High emotional and physical loads of athletes, especially during the preparation for competitions with the use of weights, have an impact on individual human organs and tissues and are not fully understood at present. Against the background of exhausting and prolonged loads, especially in athletes working with weights, dental anomalies are more common, caries and non-carious lesions of teeth, inflammatory periodontal diseases, injuries of the maxillofacial region are also at a higher level. Recent studies have revealed that such behavioral factors lead to a higher risk of oral diseases. This is explained by the impact of odontogenic foci of chronic infection on systemic immunity and leads to a decrease in the effectiveness of sports achievements, and also proves the importance of timely monitoring and evaluation of the dental status of this population group, carrying out basic and additional methods of diagnosis of dental diseases, prevention and treatment.

AIM: This study assessed the dental status and electromyography indicators of the masticatory muscle group in individuals doing physical activities with weights.

MATERIAL AND METHODS: A total of 115 young men aged 25–35 years were examined. Of these, 70 young people were actively involved in physical exercises (bodybuilding, powerlifting, and weightlifting), and 45 did not play sports. Examination data, questionnaire responses, and results of additional examination methods were evaluated. An index assessment of the state of the oral cavity was given. Electromyography made it possible to evaluate the functional state of the dentition. Indicators of the most common dental diseases of both groups, such as caries, periodontitis, dentoalveolar anomalies, enamel chipping, abnormal abrasion, sensitive dentin, and wedge-shaped defect are identified. A structural analysis of the data obtained from both groups was carried out.

RESULTS: Analysis of electromyographic data showed that the background activity of the masticatory muscles in a state of functional tension — chewing on the right and left — is asymmetric and inconsistent (795.3±1.2 and 710.2±1.8, respectively). Indices of the prevalence of caries in the athlete group are localized mainly in people engaged in weightlifting (89.4%±2.5%); periodontal diseases, dentoalveolar anomalies, and enamel chipping in powerlifting representatives (71.3%±1.5%, 34.8%±1.2%, and 25.1%±3.5%, respectively); diseases of hard tissues of the teeth (sensitive dentin) in bodybuilders (36.1%±2.6%), pathological abrasion and wedge-shaped defect in representatives of powerlifting (18.2%±2.1% and 27.6%±1.6%).

CONCLUSIONS: The indices of dental morbidity, index assessment, and electromyographic study of the chewing muscles of athletes involved in weights were higher than that in the group of people not engaged in sports. The overall effect of training leads to functional disorders of the temporomandibular joint and masticatory muscles, higher rate of acquired dental hard tissue defects, caries, and periodontal inflammation.

BACKGROUND: Currently, the most important direction in the field of orthodontics is the improvement of existing and the development of new tools for the diagnosis of dental anomalies. Although there are many ways to assess the occlusion of dentition, but this issue remains relevant in the daily practice of a dentist.

AIM: Study is to develop a computer program for rapid diagnosis of the position of teeth and dentition without X-ray examination of patients at the initial consultation.

MATERIAL AND METHODS: 100 patients aged 18–44 with mesial occlusion were examined using anthropometric and radiological methods. The sizes of teeth and dentition were measured on plaster models. Telerentgenography of the head in a lateral projection and further analysis proposed at the Department of Orthodontics of the A.I. Evdokimov Moscow State Medical University were performed. The data was used for comparison with calculations obtained using a computer program developed by us.

RESULTS: The computer program “Diagnostics of the position of teeth and dentition relative to the coordinate point” makes it possible to estimate the size of the dentition and position of the upper jaw relative to the lower one in the sagittal and transversal positions. At the same time, the accuracy of the diagnostics performed will not be inferior to similar computer programs. The simplicity of the analysis allows it to be used as an express diagnosis in planning treatment.

CONCLUSION: This computer program simplifies the work of an orthodontist, allowing patients with various dental ano- malies to perform express diagnostics based on modern methods and facilitating the choice of treatment tactics. Reduces the burden on the patient without subjecting him to additional X-ray irradiation during the initial consultation, while the accuracy of diagnosis will not be inferior to similar computer programs. Allows you to evaluate not only the size of the dentition, but the position of the lower dentition in the sagittal and transversal positions.

BACKGROUND: Currently, there is a pattern of deterioration in children’s health, which is associated with the increasing number of diseases leading to disability. Unresolved issues related to child disability are among the most difficult and paramount areas of the medical and social spheres. In the city of Penza and its region, there are acute issues of providing quality medical care to children with disabilities, dental diseases, pathology of the maxillofacial region, and their rehabilitation.

AIM: Through a questionnaire survey, the study aimed to determine existing problems in the provision of specialized care and rehabilitation to children with disabilities, pathology of the maxillofacial region, and satisfaction of children and parents with the treatment results in the city of Penza and its region, to develop an organizational model of assistance to this patient population.

MATERIAL AND METHODS: A questionnaire was developed, which included questions related to satisfaction with treatment results, accessibility and quality of medical care for children with disability and pathology of the maxillofacial region. The survey involved families with a child aged 1–18 years living with disability and undergoing medical examination by maxillofacial surgeons of the Department of Maxillofacial Surgery of the N.N. Burdenko since 2002. Statistical data processing was carried out using MS Office Excel 2010 spreadsheets and the PASW Statistics 18 statistical software.

RESULTS: The study revealed shortcomings at all levels of specialized care and rehabilitation for children with disability and pathology of the maxillofacial region. An organizational model for helping this group of patients has been developed, which will improve the situation of children with disability and pathology of the maxillofacial region in the city of Penza and its region.

CONCLUSION: In the territory of Penza and Penza region, the proposed organizational model will improve dental health and normalize the rehabilitation period in children with pathology of the maxillofacial region and reduce stressful situations in their families.

Aerogels, having unique properties and good biodegradability, can be used as matrices and be carriers of active pharmaceuticals, which, in turn, suggests the possibility of their wide use in dentistry, in particular in such industries as maxillofacial surgery and surgical dentistry. Thus, aerogels seem to be an ideal material for creating new generation carrier matrices.