卷 28, 编号 2 (2024)

BACKGROUND: The scientific substantiation of the causal relationship between traumatic occlusive forces and periodontal diseases is challenging and remains debatable. Data indicates that occlusive loads in the area of compression of periodontal ligaments lead to blood circulation changes in the lymphatic and blood vessels, which increase the inflammatory process when the adaptive capacity of the periodontal is exceeded. Additional information should be obtained to choose tactics for reducing premature contacts in chronic generalized periodontitis.

AIM: This study aimed to investigate the state of regional blood circulation in periodontal diseases with the elimination of occlusive obstacles by selective grinding of teeth.

MATERIALS AND METHODS: This study enrolled 43 people of both sexes aged 30–45 (average: 38.2±1.4) years. The study group included 25 people with occlusal interference (OI). The comparison group consisted of persons without dental and somatic pathology (n=20), comparable in age and sex. Based on the data distribution of OI by their localization and the number of affected teeth, a differentiated approach was used for planning the volume and timing of interventions for 25 patients with identified occlusive disturbances.

RESULTS: Twenty-five patients with OI before and after grinding were examined. The study group showed a decrease in the rheographic index by 41% and an increase in the time of rapid and slow blood filling by 1.5 and 1.6 times, respectively, before occlusive grinding. After eliminating premature supracontacts, hemodynamic parameters changed in the opposite direction, the rheographic index increased, and the α1 and α2 indicators decreased. Other hemodynamic criteria were comparable with the values in the comparison group.

CONCLUSION: The results of the study confirm the effectiveness of minimally invasive interventions in eliminating occlusive interference to improve hemodynamics in periodontal tissues.

BACKGROUND: The use of laser technologies in the treatment of complicated forms of dental caries is promising in dentistry. However, the available literature does not fully cover the use of the Er,Cr:YSGG laser (wavelength: 2780 nm) in the treatment of purulent pulpitis and pulp necrosis.

AIM: To determine the effectiveness of therapy for complicated forms of dental caries using an erbium–chromium laser with a wavelength of 2780 nm for biomechanical treatment of root canals.

MATERIALS AND METHODS: Overall, 106 patients were examined and divided into three groups: group 1 (control), 15 patients whose treatment was performed using a generally accepted method; group 2, 50 patients who were treated with erbium–chromium laser radiation at the second visit, immediately before root canal obturation; and group 3, 41 patients who were treated in one visit and divided into two subgroups. In group 3-A (n=18), the root canal was irradiated with a laser with factory settings, and in group 3-B (n=23), the frequency and power of the laser were increased from 20 to 40 Hz and from 1.25 to 1.5 Watts, respectively.

RESULTS: In group 1, 59 microorganisms from all 17 strains were seeded before the treatment of the root canal system of teeth with chlorine-containing disinfectants. Moreover, the proportion of seeded microorganisms in each strain was 6.6%–40% (average value: 23.1%). After treatment, the seeding rate of Streptococcus mitis decreased from 40% to 13%, Streptococcus intermedius from 20% to 6.6%, Enterococcus spp. from 33.3% to 13.3%, and Candida spp. from 33.3% to 20%. In group 2, after complex biomechanical treatment of root canals and the use of a hydrokinetic laser, none of the 17 strains sown before treatment were observed. The Candida spp. (5.5%) were not neutralized due to the use of a hydrokinetic laser with a wavelength of 2780 nm in the factory settings in group 3-A (power, 1.25 W; pulse frequency, 20 Hz; air, 10%; water, off). The combined use of the traditional protocol and hydrokinetic Er,Cr:YSGG laser in group 3B enabled complete elimination of microorganisms from those sown before treatment (p <0.001).

CONCLUSION: Treatment of purulent pulpitis and pulp necrosis in one visit using a hydrokinetic Er,Cr:YSGG laser with a wavelength of 2780 nm with increased parameters (i.e., power, 1.5 W; frequency, 40 Hz; air, 35%; water, 25%) is recommended.

This article presents a clinical case of therapeutic treatment of a 36-year-old patient with chronic granulomatous periodontitis of 2.4 teeth (K04.5). The patient provided informed consent for treatment, participation in a scientific study, and publication of personal medical information. Repeated endodontic treatment was performed, including unsealing and root canal shaping with K- and H-files and the ProTaper system. Bidistillate was used as an irrigant. For root canal disinfection, Er,Cr:YSGG laser with a wavelength of 2780 nm at a power of 1.5 W, frequency of 50 Hz, water/air of 25/35, pulse of 20, and tips of 200 μm was used. Clinical follow-up was performed after 7 days and 6 and 12 months, and radiologic follow-up was conducted after 6 and 12 months based on cone-beam computed tomography and periapical COPI index data. At 12-month follow-up, complete recovery of periapical tissues was noted. The long-term results confirm the effectiveness of repeated endodontic treatment.

BACKGROUND: The relationship between periodontal diseases and somatic pathology has been proven. Studies on the link between periodontal and atopic diseases are few, which determines the relevance of this study.

AIM: To characterize the relationship between inflammatory periodontal diseases and atopic dermatitis.

MATERIALS AND METHODS: Overall, 26,470 full-text publications from 2016 to 2023 on the research topic were found in the databases PubMed, Google Scholar, and eLIBRARY.RU.

RESULTS: An analysis of literature data was performed to study the relationship between inflammatory periodontal diseases and atopic dermatitis. On the one hand, the presence of oral pathology in patients with atopic diseases can lead to atopic disease worsening, and on the other hand, an atopic disease can contribute to the development of oral diseases. After conducting a literature search and applying the inclusion and exclusion criteria for the sample, complete overlap of the research topics was found in three publications. The data obtained were contradictory, as two publications established a direct connection between periodontitis and atopic dermatitis and one publication did not. In studies on the research topic on certain aspects, the possible mechanisms of comorbidity of periodontal and atopic diseases are characterized and assessments on the existence of a feedback or direct relationship between these pathologies are presented.

CONCLUSION: The periodontal status of patients with atopic dermatitis remains poorly understood, and evidence linking oral diseases to it is ambiguous. The presented studies relatively confirmed the direct connection between periodontal diseases and atopic dermatitis; however, the hygiene hypothesis, that is, there is an inverse relationship between periodontal diseases and atopic diseases, was not confirmed.

BACKGROUND: Periodontal diseases is a serious public health problem, as they are widespread worldwide and are not fully understood; thus, the relationship between age and sex characteristics and the state of periodontal tissues should be studied.

AIM: To study qualitative and quantitative signs of periodontal diseases in adults in Arkhangelsk, Russia, according to the 2021 ESSE-RF3 data.

MATERIALS AND METHODS: The study was conducted in 2021 in conjunction with data collection for the multicenter ESSE-RF3 study in the Arkhangelsk region. The examination of periodontal tissues of the participants, who were divided into age groups 35–44, 45–64, and 65–74 years old, was conducted in six sextants according to WHO criteria. The prevalence of signs of periodontal diseases was represented as fractions with 95% CI and intensity as an arithmetic mean with 95% CI. Ordinal categorical and continuous variables were compared by the Kruskal–Wallis criterion. The Mann–Whitney criterion with Bonferroni correction was used for a posteriori comparisons.

RESULTS: This study included 1631 individuals (women, 932; men, 699) with an average age of 55.3 years. The prevalence of periodontal diseases at the age of 35–74 years was 90.6% (95% CI: 89.1–91.9), and the intensity was 2.75 (95% CI: 2.67–2.83). The intensity of signs of periodontal disease was higher in men (2.92) than in women (2.62). Men had a higher average number of sextants with bleeding (1.53 vs 1.14), mineralized dental deposits (1.20 vs 0.89), periodontal pockets (1.25 vs 0.98), and removed teeth (2.46 vs 2.14). The highest intensity was at the age of 45–64 years, in men (3.12) and women (2.75, significantly higher in men (p=0.002). Furthermore, the significant differences in the indicators of VZP between men and women were at the age of 45–64 years: bleeding (1.59 vs 1.17), mineralized dental deposits (1.25 vs 0.89), and periodontal pockets (1.38 vs 1.06). In the 65–74 years age group, no significant differences were found in the signs of periodontal diseases between men and women.

CONCLUSION: Periodontal disease prevalence in adults in Arkhangelsk reached 90%. At age 45–64 years, the intensity of signs of VZD is highest, with higher rates of periodontal disease in men, and at age 65–74 years, the difference in indicators is leveled. The study results establishes the creation of a system of preventive measures for periodontal diseases in adults in the Arkhangelsk region.

BACKGROUND: Inflammatory periodontal diseases are a pressing problem in modern dentistry and rank second in frequency and prevalence among all dental diseases.

This study aimed to determine the outcomes of chronic periodontitis treatment and percentage of relapses and complications based on a comparative retrospective analysis of chronic periodontitis incidence in 2017–2022.

MATERIAL AND METHODS: A retrospective analysis of 1500 medical records of patients diagnosed with periodontitis who received treatment at the State Budgetary Healthcare Institution of the Republic of Bashkortostan, Dental Clinic No. 4, Ufa, for the period 2017–2022 was conducted.

RESULTS: As a result of a retrospective analysis of the medical records of 1 500 patients with periodontal diseases in the dental clinic No. 4 in Ufa during the specified period, it was revealed that patients with chronic gingivitis prevailed in the age group of 20-29 years — 90 people (6.01%). Chronic generalized mild paradontitis was detected mainly in the group of 30-39 years — 267 people (17.8%), chronic generalized moderate paradontitis in the group of 40-49 years — 528 people (35.2%), and chronic generalized severe paradontitis in the group of 50 years and older — 615 people (40.99%). A comparative retrospective analysis of outpatient records of patients with periodontal diseases showed the low effectiveness of the methods used to treat patients, accompanied by a large number of relapses and complications, namely (by severity): transition of mild to moderate — 37.2±0.3%, moderate to severe — 28.7±0.1%, exacerbation of periodontitis — 21.9±0.1%, tooth extraction in patients with chronic periodontitis (CP) of mild degree — 1.2 ± 0.1%, with moderate CP — 13.3±0.1%, with severe CP — 22.1±0.1%.

CONCLUSION: Currently, there is a high prevalence of gum recession among the population. It was revealed that the need for treatment of inflammatory periodontal diseases is 93% in various age groups. Data analysis reveals a high (up to 88.6%) prevalence of periodontal diseases in patients seeking dental care. At the same time, the primary attendance of such patients by a dentist remains at an extremely low level.