Russian Journal of Dentistry

Background: Effectiveness of removable dentures is closely linked to reliable intraoral retention. Their clinical success largely depends on the low adhesion capacity of oral microbiota, which represent a constant component of the oral environment. Evaluation of microbial adhesion to denture base materials coated with adhesive creams may serve as a parameter for selecting the most appropriate fixation agent.

Aim: To assess in vitro the adhesion of microbial test cultures to the surface of denture base materials coated with various denture adhesives.

Methods: An open-label, randomized experimental study was conducted using specimens of two denture base materials: heat-polymerized polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) and a photopolymer resin intended for additive manufacturing of removable denture bases. Samples were fabricated as discs measuring 5 mm in diameter and 0.5 mm in thickness, each coated with a denture adhesive. For microbial assessment, reference strains of five of the most commonly isolated oral microorganisms were cultured: Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, Candida albicans, Streptococcus mutans, and Porphyromonas gingivalis. Residual adhesion index was calculated for each strain. Between-group comparisons were performed using the Mann–Whitney U test. Statistical significance was set at p ≤0.05, with values reported to the third decimal place.

Results: An evaluation of the primary adhesion of reference strains of microorganisms most commonly colonizing the oral mucosa revealed that denture adhesive formulations such as Corega (Haleon, UK) exhibited statistically significantly lower residual adhesion compared with President (Betafarma S.p.A., Italy), Whiteberg (Anhui Greenland Biotech Co., China), and SPLAT CONFIDent FIX (BetaPharm, Italy).

Conclusion: Residual adhesion indices were detected in all tested microbial strains and showed minimal differences between the two denture base materials — PMMA and 3D-printed photopolymer. S. aureus, S. mutans, and P. gingivalis demonstrated high adhesive potential, while E. coli and C. albicans exhibited significantly lower adhesion levels.

One of the critical factors in the successful use of removable dentures is their hygienic status, which depends on the low adhesion potential of microorganisms. This, in turn, significantly influences the condition of the oral mucosa and the stability of the oral microbiome. Lower microbial adhesion was observed with Corega Max Hold + Comfort and Corega Gum Protection (Haleon, UK). Components of these adhesives may inhibit primary microbial adhesion and contribute to the maintenance of colonization resistance of the oral mucosa.

Background: At present, microcirculatory disturbances in organs and tissues have emerged as a critical issue in both experimental and clinical medicine, including periodontology. The findings presented in this article underscore the need for early detection of microcirculatory disorders in the periodontium under conditions of tobacco intoxication, using laser Doppler flowmetry. This diagnostic method, which records changes in microvascular blood flow by detecting signals from moving erythrocytes within vessels, provides a clear assessment of regional tissue perfusion.

Aim: To evaluate periodontal changes in rats with gingival recession under conditions of chronic tobacco intoxication (CTI), using laser Doppler flowmetry (LDF).

Methods: To experimentally validate the use of LDF for detecting periodontal tissue damage, microcirculation in the periodontium was assessed using the LDF analyzer LAKK-02, version 4 (NPP Lazma, Russia). The study included 75 adult male Wistar rats, which were divided into five groups: control; CTI; gingival recession; gingival recession elimination under continued CTI; and gingival recession elimination under CTI with a temporary cessation protocol.

Results: LDF revealed progression of pathological changes in periodontal tissues under conditions of tobacco intoxication and gingival recession, as evidenced by a decrease in connective tissue cell density and epithelial layer thickness.

Conclusion: Noninvasive LDF provides qualitative insights into the condition of the periodontal complex and enables early identification of tissue pathology, facilitating timely therapeutic intervention.

Background: An optimal adhesive system must ensure quick and easy application while also demonstrating adequate adhesive strength that does not change over time. The development of adhesive systems continues, and each currently available adhesive system has advantages and disadvantages. During orthodontic treatment, practitioners must not only address malocclusion and minimize damage to intact tooth tissues, but also prevent dental caries. Despite ongoing advancements in adhesive systems, there are no studies that confirm the long-term durability of 8^th generation systems containing the 3D-SR monomer.

Aim: To assess the adhesive strength of metal braces when using the Tokuyama Universal Bond II adhesive system (Tokuyama Dental, Japan) in a laboratory setting before and after thermal cycling with and without the SHIELD FORCE PLUS sealant (Tokuyama Dental, Japan).

Methods: The study included 60 intact extracted teeth without signs of dental caries and extensive restorations. There were four groups of samples. Group 1 included 15 samples with metal braces placed without a sealant and thermal cycling; Group 2 included 15 samples with metal braces placed without a sealant, with thermal cycling; Group 3 included 15 samples with metal braces placed with a sealant, without thermal cycling; and Group 4 included 15 samples with metal braces placed with a sealant and thermal cycling.

Results: Thermal cycling decreased shear adhesive strength: in samples with brackets placed without the SHIELD FORCE PLUS sealant, the adhesive strength before thermal cycling was higher (4.10±0.96 MPa) than after thermal cycling (3.44±1.03 MPa). The SHIELD FORCE PLUS sealant significantly increased shear adhesive strength: in samples with brackets placed with the sealant, the adhesive strength in the group without thermal cycling was higher than in the group after thermal cycling (3.71±0.61 MPa and 2.58±0.76 MPa, respectively; p=0.0005).

Conclusion: The statistical analysis revealed no significant differences (p >0.05) in the adhesive strength of braces placed with and without the sealant. Thermal cycling significantly (p ≤0.05) reduces the adhesive strength of braces placed with and without the sealant. The sealant does not reduce the adhesive strength of braces; thus, they can be used to prevent dental caries, decrease tooth sensitivity, and improve the mineral composition of tooth tissues.

Background: Dental care in HIV-positive patients is a significant problem. The clinical course of the disease, particularly the high risk of infection, along with social and psychological stress, makes the diagnosis and treatment difficult. This necessitates specialized dental care, including the use of modern dentures that improve the functional status of periodontal tissues, increase the stability of masticating pressure, and consider etiopathogenetic mechanisms.

Aim: To provide scientific and practical evidence of the efficacy of alternative denture designs in HIV-positive patients with specific clinical and morphological features of periodontal tissue and oral mucosa lesions.

Methods: The study included 384 HIV-positive patients (treatment group, TG) and 258 control subjects (control group, CG) who were followed up at the Republican AIDS Center and its Bukhara branch. Of these, 134 TG patients (TG-1), including 68 TG patients (TG-2) and 66 reference group (RG) patients, as well as 38 CG patients, received orthopedic treatment using various types of dentures. TG-2a (n=33) received thermoplastic monomer-free Vertex ThermoSens dentures, whereas TG-2b (n= 5) received Vertex ThermoSens dentures with the Gluma Comfort Bond adhesive for surface treatment; RG-1 (n=32) received Ftorax acrylic plastic dentures, whereas RG-2 (n=34) received Ftorax acrylic plastic dentures with the Gluma Comfort Bond adhesive for surface treatment. CG patients received Vertex ThermoSens dentures. The study subjects were followed up for 12 months; clinical, dental, laboratory, functional, and histomorphological examinations were performed.

Results: Taking into account the clinical features of oral lesions in HIV-positive patients, thermoplastic monomer-free Vertex ThermoSens dentures with the Gluma Comfort Bond adhesive were superior to Ftorax acrylic plastic dentures. However, considering the social and economic acceptability of Ftorax dentures, the use of the Gluma Comfort Bond adhesive is justified, eliminating the major shortcomings of currently used acrylic plastics.

Conclusion: A treatment and prevention algorithm for dental restoration has been developed for HIV-positive patients. The algorithm involves treating Vertex ThermoSens and Ftorax dentures with the Gluma Comfort Bond adhesive, which reduces periodontal tissue inflammation and improves masticatory efficiency.

Background: There is a close relationship between general health and the condition of the stomatognathic system. Postural disturbances trigger compensatory changes throughout the body, including the maxillofacial region. Several studies have explored the potential association between posture and the temporomandibular joint, but quantitative data and clinical implications of this relationship remain limited.

Aim: To investigate the impact of malocclusion on body posture parameters.

Methods: Pathological mandibular displacements were simulated in 10 individuals without symptomatic temporomandibular joint disorders, tooth loss, or dentofacial abnormalities, with simultaneous assessment of postural parameters. Occlusal changes were accompanied by raster stereographic light-optical analysis of spinal and postural deviations using the Diers Formetric 4D system. The measurement results were compiled into tables for each participant, indicating the clinical significance of changes (green, yellow, and red zones).

Results: Rasterstereographic parameters were recorded in subjects with intact dentition in centric occlusion. Alterations in mandibular position led to postural changes, reflecting shifts in temporomandibular joint-related structures. The most statistically significant changes were in vertical spine deviation (56.0%) and lateral spine deviation (28.0%) within the red zone, as well as thoracic kyphosis angle (44.0%). Mandibular protrusion (34.3%) and increased occlusal height (31.5%) had the greatest effect on postural parameters.

Conclusion: The conducted study clearly demonstrated an association between the position of the stomatognathic system structures and the axial skeletal structures. Mandibular position influenced various rasterstereographic indicators, including vertical and lateral spinal deviation, pelvic tilt and torsion, vertebral rotation, and spinal curvature angles (kyphosis and lordosis). Vertical spinal deviation and kyphosis angle were most affected, with mandibular protrusion and increased occlusal height causing the most significant postural changes. These findings are important for interdisciplinary management of malocclusion and posture correction.

Background: The risks and incidence of adverse reactions after local anesthesia in dentistry are constantly increasing.

Aim: To improve the safety of local anesthesia in outpatient dental care.

Methods: The study was conducted between 2022 and 2024. A survey during history taking revealed that all patients had previously received anesthesia. The patients measured their blood pressure (BP) and heart rate using automated tonometers and documented the results. The anesthetic risk was assessed using the American Society of Anesthesiologists scale.

Anesthesia was administered with 2% lidocaine solution and 4% articaine and epinephrine solution (1:200,000). The efficacy of local anesthesia was assessed using a visual analogue scale that took into account both patient and physician perspectives. The safety was assessed using a dedicated scale; the assessment involved monitoring and documenting all adverse events (including their severity and association with the study drug). The next day, a mobile survey of patients was performed.

Results: A total of 1,600 patients (900 females and 700 males) aged 18 to 70 years were examined.

Baseline BP parameters were within the normal range: systolic BP 131.45 [124.0; 136.0] mm Hg, diastolic BP 81.98 [75.0; 84.0] mm Hg, heart rate 74.65 [72.0; 80.0] bpm. The patients received 850 injections of 2% lidocaine solution (state-funded) and 750 injections of 4% articaine and epinephrine solution (1:200,000). 2% lidocaine solution (2 mL) was used in all cases of local anesthesia, with an efficacy of 75.4 to 79.3%; the efficacy of 4% articaine and epinephrine solution at a concentration of 1:200,000 (1.8 mL) ranged from 95.4 to 99.3%.

A safety assessment using a dedicated scale demonstrated high safety of local anesthesia. No adverse reactions were reported.

Conclusion: The proposed safety protocol, which is based on the risk assessment of adverse reactions (emergencies) following local anesthesia, has shown that local anesthesia is safe, with no adverse reactions.

Introduction: Suturing is still the most common wound closure method in dentistry. However, this approach has a number of drawbacks, including the risk of inflammation, delayed healing, and inconveniences for patients, necessitating the research of alternative techniques. Because of their quick polymerization in a moist environment and good biocompatibility, cyanoacrylate adhesives are considered a promising alternative option.

Case description: Two donor sites of the hard palate mucosa were closed during a single surgical procedure: one using “Sulfacrylate” cyanoacrylate adhesive and the other by suturing. Clinical assessment and photo documentation were performed, and the patient’s subjective perception was analyzed 7 days and 1.5 years after surgery to compare the healing of the hard palate mucosa with different wound closure approaches.

The site where the adhesive was applied showed faster healing, minimal inflammation, and excellent esthetic results without scarring. The procedure time for the adhesive was significantly shorter than for suturing. The patient reported less discomfort on the side where the adhesive was applied.

Conclusion: “Sulfacrylate” cyanoacrylate adhesive is an effective and safe alternative to conventional suturing, with improved healing and comfort for patients. Further real-world studies of this approach are recommended.